How to plant high quality Coptis chinensis

I. growth habits

Huanglian likes cold and cold environment, likes overcast and dampness, and avoids bright light and high temperature drying. In the wild, it is common in the high mountain areas with an elevation of 1200 mi 1800 m, and it is appropriate to choose an area with an elevation of 1400 mi 1700 m when cultivating. The temperature range of normal growth of the plant was 8 ℃ 34 ℃, and the plant was dormant when it was lower than 8 ℃ or 5 ℃. The seed has the characteristic of dormancy after embryo ripening, and the dormancy can be broken after 5 ℃ storage in low temperature and wet sand for 6 months, and the germination rate can reach about 90%. Seed life is greatly affected by storage conditions, and it is difficult to maintain long seed life in dry storage and wet sand storage at room temperature. Generally, it can maintain the vitality of the seed for many years under the condition of 2-O ℃ and constant humidity.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Coptis chinensis has strict requirements on soil, and it is better for loam and sandy loam with deep, fertile, loose, good drainage and rich humus in the upper layer. Soil PH5.5-7 is suitable. Avoid continuous cropping. The gentle slope with oblique light in the morning and evening is the most suitable, but the slope should not exceed 30 ℃. Traditionally, it is often planted in a shed. Now more use of forest planting or intercropping with other crops. When planting trees, it is better to choose dwarf evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest with better canopy density, but not tall trees. The method of fumigation before soil preparation is as follows: on a sunny day, turn up the humus soil with a surface of 7mm, pick up the roots and stones, wait for the humus soil to dry, and collect litter and weeds for fumigation. This method is beneficial to improve soil fertility and reduce diseases, insect pests and weeds. After fumigation, ploughing and turning 15cm, picking up tree roots and other sundries, applying about 4000 kg of farm manure per mu as base fertilizer, raking evenly to form a border with a width of 1.5m and a height of 30cm, and a ditch width of 50cm. The border is slightly arched.

2. Planting method

(1) sowing: the directly harvested seeds can be sown in summer, and the stored seeds should be sowed from October to November. The sowing rate per mu is 2.5kg / mu. Before sowing, mix the seeds with fine humus soil 20ml / 30x, spread the border surface according to the amount, press slightly after sowing, and cover the fine soil. In dry areas in winter, cover with a layer of fallen grass after sowing to keep the soil moist. After thawing in the next spring, remove the cover grass to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Summer sowing is seldom used.

(2) transplanting: seedling transplanting can be carried out in February-March, June or September-October, especially in June. However, in low altitude areas, they were directly transplanted in February-March or September-October. Transplant should be carried out in cloudy days or sunny days after rain, take strong growth, with more than 4 true leaves, dig up the roots, cut off part of the fibrous roots, leaving 2mur3cm long, according to the plant row spacing of 10cm, square planting, the depth depends on the transplanting season and seedling size, spring or small seedlings can be planted shallower, autumn or large seedlings can be slightly deeper, generally 3mur5cm, the ground can leave 3rel 4 big leaves. Usually the seedlings are dug in the morning and planted in the afternoon. If the seedlings are not finished in the same day, they should be spread out in a wet place. When transplanting the next day, soaking the roots with 0.05ml / L (ppm) ABT rooting powder for 10 minutes can significantly improve the survival rate of Coptis chinensis seedlings transplanting and promote its growth and development.

3. Field management

(1) Seedling stage management: after sowing, seedlings emerge from March to April in the following spring, and the mulch should be removed in time before emergence. When the seedlings have 1 Mel 2 true leaves, the seedlings are about 1 cm apart. From June to July, a layer of fine humus soil about 1 cm thick can be removed from the border to stabilize the roots of the seedlings. The shade shed should be set up before emergence, one shed, the height of the shed is 50m / 70cm, and the canopy density is controlled at about 80%. If the seedlings are raised in the forest, the canopy density must be adjusted before sowing.

(2) Seedling supplement: Coptis chinensis seedlings often die after transplanting. Autumn seedlings are usually planted in June, and autumn seedlings are thawed in the following spring.

(3) weeding in middle ploughing: there are more weeds in seedling land, weeding at least 5 times a year, and 3 times a year after transplanting, such as soil consolidation and shallow loosening of topsoil.

(4) topdressing and soil cultivation: after seedling cultivation, 2000 kg of dilute manure was applied per mu, and 200kg of dry cow dung was sprinkled from August to September. After melting snow in the following spring, the amount of fertilizer could be increased appropriately. 2-3 months after transplanting, dilute dung water was applied again, and once each year from March to April and September to October. Spring fertilizer is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, autumn fertilizer is mainly farm fertilizer, each time about 2000 kg per mu, the amount of fertilizer can be increased year by year. Fine humus should be used to cultivate soil in time after fertilization.

(5) adjust the canopy density: no matter in the shade shed or in the forest, attention should be paid to adjusting the suitable light conditions to facilitate the normal development of Coptis chinensis. Generally, the canopy density is 70%, 80%, 80%, and then reduced by about 10% every year. In the year of harvest, all the canopy and intercropping branches and leaves can be removed in June to increase light, inhibit aboveground growth, and increase rhizome yield.

4. Pest control

The main results are as follows: (1) powdery mildew began in late May, and the damage was serious from July to August, mainly to the leaves. Prevention and treatment methods: appropriately increase light and pay attention to drainage; at the initial stage of the disease, burn the diseased leaves; spray with 80 international units of Qingfengmycin or 500 times of 70% methyl topiramate.

(2) anthracnose: it begins in early May, which damages the leaves and causes the whole plant to die when it is serious. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to clean the countryside in winter; spray with 1:1:l00-150 Bordeaux solution or mancozeb 800Mel 1000-fold solution.

(3) White silk disease began in June, and the damage was serious from July to August, causing damage to the whole plant. Prevention and treatment methods: remove and burn the diseased plants, treat the disease points with lime powder, or irrigate with carbendazim 800 times solution.

(4) slugs occur from March to November, biting young leaves and causing serious damage in rainy days. Prevention and control methods: trap and kill with vegetable poison bait and sprinkle lime powder in the morning.

III. Harvesting and processing

Coptis chinensis is generally harvested 5 years after transplanting and should be dug from early November to pre-snowfall. When harvesting, choose a sunny day, dig up the whole plant, shake off the soil, cut off the whisker roots and leaves, that is, the fresh rhizome, commonly known as "hairball". Fresh roots and stems do not need washing, should be directly dried, drying methods should be used for Kang dry, pay attention to firepower should not be too large, should be turned frequently, dry to easy to break, while hot into the trough cage to hit the sediment, fibrous roots and residual petioles, that is to dry the rhizomes. After drying to remove sediment impurities, fibrous roots and leaves can also be used as medicine. The residual petiole and fine residue can be used as veterinary medicine after sieving.

IV. Seed retention techniques

Coptis chinensis can blossom and bear fruit 2 years after transplanting, but the quality and quantity of seeds given by 3-4-year-old plants are better. Generally in the middle of May, when the fruit changes from green to yellowish green and the seeds become yellowish green, it should be harvested in time. Seed collection should be carried out on a sunny day or when there is no rain and dew tomorrow, pick the ear from the stem, put it in a fine container, place it indoors or in a cool place, and rub out the seeds after ripening for 3 days. Then mix the seeds with humus fine soil or fine sand twice as much as the seeds and store them by stratification.