Cultivation of strong seedlings of Coptis chinensis

Coptis chinensis is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicine in China. It is a perennial herbaceous crop growing in the mountains of 800-2000 meters above sea level. The growth period of Coptis chinensis seedlings is 1 ~ 2 years, and the growth period after transplanting is 4 ~ 5 years. Through long-term production practice, pharmaceutical farmers in Emeishan City, Sichuan Province have summed up a set of new experience in cultivating strong seedlings of Coptis chinensis. Every year, they cultivate 50 million strong seedlings of Coptis chinensis. In addition to meeting the needs of large-scale local planting, they also sell large quantities to Yunnan, Ebian, Jinkou River, Hongya, Xindu and other places, promoting the development of production in various localities. The economic benefit of raising seedlings by drug farmers is 3000-5000 yuan per mu. The techniques of cultivating strong seedlings of Coptis chinensis by pharmaceutical farmers in this area are introduced as follows:

1. The seed maturity of Coptis chinensis is around "the Beginning of Summer" in May. The seed quality and germination rate of Coptis chinensis seedlings are good three or four years after transplanting. When the seed shell turns yellow, the seed turns yellowish brown, and the flesh is petaloid without blisters for maturity by squeezing the flesh with nails. When harvesting, choose no dew on a sunny day, gently cut the seed handle into a cloth bag and transport it home, put it on an indoor ventilated and dry dustpan or bamboo mat for 1 to 2 days, gently rub out the seeds with your hands, and remove the peel, branches and leaves and other residues. The threshed seeds are placed on a dustpan or bamboo mat covered with plastic film to cool. The thickness is about 1 cm. The seeds are turned once or twice a day and placed for 6 days. Store when the seeds all turn yellowish brown and the hands do not touch the hands naturally.

Second, after seed storage, Coptis chinensis seeds enter the dormant period after harvest. Under natural conditions, the dormant period is as long as 6 months. After the dormant period, the seeds can germinate, and only after safe storage can they sow and raise seedlings. The physiological characteristics of Coptis chinensis seeds, like dampness and low temperature, afraid of dry, sun and water, too dry can not germinate, storage methods:

1. The method of mixing sediment: take the sediment from Huangliandi to screen out small stones, grass roots and sundries, squeeze the dry humidity into a ball by hand, and it is appropriate to loosen and disperse. the weight ratio of seeds to sediment is 1:3, and the seeds and sediment are mixed and stored in a wooden box or large-mouth ceramic jar. Cover the surface with 5 cm thick sand, and then cover with brown leaves. It is also reliable to build a seed bank with a width of 50 cm and a height of 50 cm at the foot of the indoor wall. Open windows for ventilation at any time in the hot season, spray water properly when the sand is too dry, and take care not to let chickens, dogs, cats and mice shit and urinate on the sand and cause seed rot.

2. net seed bag storage method: put the seeds in a gunny bag or cloth bag with a capacity of 1/3 bags, seal the mouth of the bag, and then select a piece of land with a slope of about 15 degrees outdoors and dig into a rectangular pit with a depth of 15 centimeters, a width of 1 meter and a length as needed. Put a layer of 2-3cm thick river sand at the bottom of the pit, then put the seed bag in turn in the pit, flatten the seed bag so that the seed inside the bag is 3cm-5cm thick, cover the bag with fine soil about 5cm-8cm thick, dig a drainage ditch 20 cm deep around the pit, and finally use bamboo or plastic film to protect the sunshade from the sun. the shed is about 1 meter high and is surrounded by a fence.

Third, it is best to select the slow slope wasteland for seedling cultivation, because the soil quality of the wasteland is fertile, there is no bacterial pollution, there are fewer weeds, and the ripe land is easy to grow weeds, so it is not suitable to be used as a seedling land. September to October is the best time for soil preparation and seedling cultivation. Method of soil preparation: cut off weeds and trees and burn ash for spare, dig out stumps and grass roots, pick up stones and fallen leaves, turn the topsoil to a depth of 10 cm with a rake or hoe, rake fine and level the soil, with a width of 1.3 meters and length as needed, open boxes along the slope to make beds and dig drains.

Fourth, build a shading shed to drive a wooden pile every 2 meters on the middle line of the back of the box, with a height of 1.6 meters. The upper end of the stake is made into a "y" bend, and it is better to place and bind bamboo branches to build a shading shed, or to build a shed with black plastic sunshade omentum.

Fifth, sowing at the right time: October to November is the best sowing time. The net seed amount per mu of seedling bed is 23.3 kg, and 25 ~ 400000 strong seedlings can be cultivated. Sowing method: mix the seeds and fine soil at 1:3, sow them on the box border in turn, in order to achieve uniform density, repeat sowing for 2 to 3 times, and then dig out the fine soil in the box ditch and mix with appropriate amount of plant ash to cover the box surface, with a thickness of about 1 cm. It is appropriate to cover the seeds, and then set up the shade.

6. nursery bed management: in order to cultivate high-quality strong seedlings, we must pay attention to the following management measures:

1. Remove sundries: after the seeds emerge, remove the residues such as withered branches and leaves in the seedling bed at any time, so that the seedlings can grow smoothly.

2. Remove weeds: some weeds and continuous seedlings symbiosis, compete for fertilizer and win glory with each other, and should be removed in time. Generally, weeds should be weeded once in March, June and August, and the weak seedlings should be protected when weeding, and the loose seedlings should be pressed and sprayed immediately to avoid losing water, yellowing and stopping growth.

3. Fertilizing to promote seedlings: when Coptis chinensis leaves grow 3-5 stalks, topdressing is applied, usually once in April, July and September. The method is that for the first time, plant ash is mixed with an appropriate amount of oil and dried chicken powder fertilizer of 50,80kg per mu, mixed with an appropriate amount of fine soil and sprinkled on a sunny day. For the second time, 15-20 piculs of human and animal manure were applied per mu, and 100 grams of urea were added to each load. Apply urea 3kg / mu for the third time, or spray 3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2m / mu on the leaves when there is no dew in cloudy days, and sweep the urea on the leaves of the seedlings in time after application to prevent burns.

4. timely seedling leveling: seedling homogenization is an important measure to cultivate strong seedlings. Some seedlings are too dense and crowded, competing for fertilizer and winning glory with each other, resulting in the death of seedlings. The first method of seedling homogenization is to pull and divide the weak seedlings which are too dense with 5 leaves to a sparse gap ground when pulling out weeds, so that the distance between the seedlings should reach 1 square centimeter and 1 bead. Second, the seedlings are strong and weak, and come out in batches. For the seedlings of 1-1.5 years, the strong seedlings with 14 stalks with leaves of 6mure are first transplanted, and the weak seedlings are kept on the ground to continue to be cultivated, each batch of seedlings and timely topdressing water and fertilizer until they are finished.

7. prevention and control of pests and diseases common diseases and insect pests of Coptis chinensis at seedling stage are mainly dry blight, powdery mildew and anthrax, old wood worm, armyworm and mountain rodent, and so on.

1. The main symptoms of dry blight: the soil of the seedling bed is thin and dry, or the sunshade is damaged and exposed to the hot sun, which leads to the seedling becoming stiff and old or losing water and drying. Prevention and control methods: the nursery bed should choose the plot with high humus content, thick soil layer and good water retention performance to raise seedlings, and dig a small pool near each mu of seedbed land that can hold two cubic meters of water and store it full of water. Check the seedling bed shading shed at any time. If it collapses or is damaged by the wind, it should be repaired immediately.

2. The main symptoms of powdery mildew: the leaves of the diseased plants showed massive gray spots and powdery matter, and the leaves withered and withered. Prevention and treatment methods: optional sulfur suspension emulsion, each bottle mixed with water 40kg, or 50% topazine wettable powder 1000 times, or 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500x solution, alternately sprayed 2 times 3 times, once every 10 days.

3. The main symptoms of anthrax: oily spot appeared on the leaves of the diseased plant, the edge of the spot was dark red, the middle of the spot was gray-white, the middle of the spot was easy to perforate, the petiole appeared brown spot, and the whole plant died when it was serious. Prevention and treatment: alternately using Dysen zinc and topiramate wettable powder for 3 or 4 times can be cured, and the method is the same as powdery mildew.

4. The harm of mountain rodents: when the ground rodents and bamboo shoots were burrowing and foraging under the seedbed, they dug into a crisscross tunnel, and the soil dug out pressed the seedlings to rot and die, and the soil layer on the rodent path was dry and loose, resulting in the withering and yellowing of the seedlings. Prevention and control method: poison bait made of poison rat poison can be trapped and killed at the mouth of the cave, and all kinds of mousetraps can also be installed to catch and kill.

5. The old wood worm is also called "white silkworm" harm: the old wood worm hides in the humus soil of the rotten tree stump, and the larvae bite the tender leaves, causing the seedlings to die. Control method: 90% trichlorfon can be killed by spraying 1000 times solution for 1 time or 2 times.

6. the harm of armyworm: the larvae mainly harm the tender leaves of Coptis chinensis, which is a kind of overeating pest, which is very harmful once it occurs. Control method: it can be killed by spraying with 800 times of 50% dichlorvos EC or 600 times with 25% insecticidal double water agent.