Techniques for increasing production of Bupleurum chinense

Bupleurum is a perennial herb of Umbelliferae, which is used in medicine by root. It is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with great demand in the market. With the increasing social demand and the increasing scarcity of wild resources, the market gap is getting bigger and bigger, and the market prospect of growing Bupleurum is very broad. Home-grown Bupleurum is mainly broadcast live in spring. The planting method is described below.

I. selection of land and land preparation

Bupleurum likes warm and humid environment, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and afraid of waterlogging. In production, it is appropriate to choose fertile, loose, non-stagnant fields or gentle slope mountain planting. Plots with heavy stickiness, accumulated water and thin soil layer should not be planted. After the land is selected, 2500 kg of farm manure, 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu as base fertilizer, ploughing 30 cm deep, leveling and raking fine, and making a flat bed 110cm wide. Areas with too many Rain Water can make 130cm high beds, and drainage ditches can be dug around the beds.

Second, accelerating budding

Bupleurum seed germination requires strict temperature, and the optimum temperature for germination is 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃. It is difficult for Bupleurum seeds to germinate beyond 25 ℃. It takes a long time for Bupleurum to germinate, and it takes 20 days for Bupleurum to germinate at 20 ℃. Therefore, whether the planting season is arranged properly or not is directly related to the success or failure of planting. China has a vast territory and a large temperature difference between the north and the south in spring. Growers can arrange to plant according to the local ground temperature. For example, the time when the ground temperature reaches 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃ in a certain area is about April 20, so it can sprout around April 1.

Before sprouting, soak the seeds in 40 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ warm water for 4 ~ 6 hours, remove the gravel seeds floating on the water, mix the sunken full seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and germinate in open clay containers or earth pits, and the temperature is controlled at 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃. In about 20 days, it can be sown when there are 3 seeds "white". The amount of seed used per mu is 2 kg ~ 3 kg.

Third, sowing seeds

On the finished border surface, four shallow ditches with a width of 10 cm ~ 15 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm were opened along the ridge, poured enough water, and the budding seeds were evenly scattered at the bottom of the ditch, covered with fine soil thickness of 0.2 cm ~ 0.3 cm, and covered with grass to keep warm and moisturizing. After 3 ~ 5 days, the seedlings emerged one after another. When the emergence of seedlings reaches 60%, remove the cover grass, if the border surface is too dry, you can sprinkle water to make soil moisture, or you can water it to wait for the seedlings.

IV. Field management

After getting the seedlings together, pay attention to drought prevention and seedling protection. Pull up the grass and exterminate the famine. The height of the seedling is 5 cm, the distance between the plants is 5 cm. After the seedlings, draw a hoe to "squat seedlings". When the leaves become thicker and the leaves are dark green, 10 kg of urea is applied per mu and watered once. In the future, we will exercise restraint in watering and exterminate famine by rowing and hoeing diligently. Before the rainy season, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu was sprinkled and watered. In the rainy season, we should strictly guard against stagnant water and waterlogging in the fields. Stagnant water and waterlogging in the field are very easy to cause root rot, resulting in a significant reduction in yield. Before freezing, overwintering water should be watered once, with 3000 kilograms of fine farm manure per mu.

In the early spring of the following year, the dry stems and leaves on the ground were removed and poured back to green water. When the height of the seedling is 12 cm ~ 15 cm, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate and 8 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, and then watered once. In the future, watering should be controlled and water accumulation should be strictly prevented. In May, Bupleurum bolted and blossomed one after another. In addition to leaving the fields, it should be cut off in time to avoid unnecessary consumption.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Bupleurum root rot disease was seen in Bupleurum, which was caused by high temperature and humidity and accumulated water in the field. The diseased plant turned green and turned yellow, then dried up and died, and the root rot could be seen after being pulled out. In addition to the heavy application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, we should also do a good job of drainage in the rainy season to prevent stagnant water in the field. At the initial stage of the disease, plants can be irrigated with 1000 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of methyl topiramate. The insect pests of Bupleurum are most common in spring seedling stage, which can be killed by "lice aphid" and so on.

VI. Harvest and processing

In late October of the second year after sowing, the aboveground stems and leaves were harvested, the old stems were removed, dried and tied into handfuls, that is, soft Bupleurum (Bupleurum). Along one end of the border, carefully dig out the roots, shake off the soil, remove the remaining stems and leaves, and dry them to become a commodity. Dried Bupleurum is best with dry body, long roots and no impurities. Generally yield 150 kg per mu of Bupleurum root, Bupleurum seedlings (aboveground stems and leaves 3-4 yuan kg) 250 kg.

Planting Bupleurum, reasonable close planting, re-application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, bolting and preventing the occurrence of root rot are the main measures to increase production.