Five points should be paid attention to in planting Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, also known as Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes macrocephala, and so on, is a plant of Compositae. The rhizome can be used in medicine and has the functions of strengthening spleen, dryness and dampness, calming the fetus and so on. It is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine. Planting Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in rural areas is a way to get rich with less investment, short production cycle, smooth marketing and high economic benefits.

First, the selection of land preparation Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz likes cool climate, is afraid of high temperature and humidity environment, and is not strict with soil, but it is better to use micro-acid, alkali and light clay with good drainage and deep soil layer. Plots with loose soil and medium fertility should be selected in plain areas. If the soil is too fertile, the seedlings grow too vigorously, and it is easy to bolt and blossom in the same year, which affects the quality of medicine. In the mountain area, we can choose the land with thicker soil layer and certain slope to plant. The previous crop had better be Gramineae crops, it is not suitable to choose tobacco, peanut, rape and other crops stubble, otherwise it is prone to diseases. In general, 4000 kg ~ 5000 kg of farm manure or 75 kg ~ 100kg of cake fertilizer was applied per mu of seedling land, and 2500 kg ~ 4000 kg of farm manure was applied per mu of transplanting land.

Second, large-leaf dwarf varieties were selected for seedling raising and transplanting. In North China, seedlings are usually sown in the middle and late days of April. Before sowing, the seedling land was made into a flat bed, with a row spacing of 16 cm and a depth of 3 cm and a depth of 3 cm, with a sowing amount of 4 kg per mu. Always keep moist after sowing. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should pull up the grass in time and remove the dense seedlings and diseased and weak seedlings. When the seedling height is 3 cm and 5 cm, the seedling is fixed according to row and plant spacing of 7 cm and 10 cm respectively. Topdressing 1-2 times at seedling stage, it is suitable to apply 500 kg of human feces and urine per mu, too much seedling growth, too tender branches and leaves, and weakening disease resistance. The seedlings were dug for storage from mid-late October to early November before freezing. Dig a pit with a depth of 1 meter and a width of 1 meter in the shade. Put the seedlings into the pit about 0.5 meters deep and cover the dry soil with 4 centimeters. When the temperature drops in cloudy days, the covering soil can be thickened gradually, and the thickness of the soil should not be frostbitten seedlings. If the weather is warmer in winter, there is no need to cover the soil. The seedlings began to be transplanted in early April of the following year, with a general row spacing of 50 cm to 60 cm and a plant spacing of 7 cm to 10 cm, with single or double rows. The suitable transplanting density is 12000 ~ 15000 plants per mu. Generally, about 60 kilograms of seedlings are used per mu.

Third, after sowing or transplanting Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, we should often weed and loosen the soil so that the soil surface is loose and free of weeds. Pay attention to prevent waterlogging in the rainy season. The principles of "applying sufficient base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer and heavy application of bud fertilizer" should be grasped in fertilization. The amount of fertilizer should not be too much when the first fertilizer is applied after the seedlings are basically completed or after transplanting slow seedlings. The second fertilization of transplanting seedlings is usually 5-7 days after flowering (before flowering), 75 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu, or 1000 kilograms of human and animal feces, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate. Buds should be picked in time before the inflorescence blooms to promote nutrient supply to the rhizome.

Fourth, there are many diseases and insect pests in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including rust, iron leaf disease, root rot, blight and so on. Iron leaf disease can be sprayed with Baumei 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture at the initial stage of the disease, once every 8 to 10 days for 2 times, and root rot and blight can be irrigated with 50% carbendazim 600 times or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times at the initial stage of the disease. To control pests of Atractylodes macrocephala, 50% dichlorvos and 800 times of dichlorvos, or 40% dimethoate, 1500-2000 times, once in 7 days and 3 times in a row, can be sprayed before the adults lay eggs in the early flowering stage.

Fifth, harvesting and processing Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz generally begins to harvest when the stem changes from green to withered yellow from late October to early November. The method is: pick and dig in sunny days, dry in the sun or dry. Sun 15-20 days until dry, drying firepower should not be too fierce, the temperature should not be hot. After baking for 4 hours and 6 hours, turn it up and down to make it heated evenly, while the fine roots fall off naturally, and then bake until 80% dry, take out and accumulate for 5 to 6 days, so that the internal water exudates and the epidermis becomes soft, and then it can be dried. When baking, do not use pine and cypress and other greasy fuel, so as not to smoke black and white, affecting the quality. It is generally believed that it is better for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz to have a large, non-hollow, white cross-section.