High-yielding cultivation techniques of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Atractylodes macrocephala is a perennial herb of Compositae, its rhizome is used medicinally, and it is one of the four famous medicines of traditional Chinese medicine "ginseng, Atractylodes, Ling and Gan". It has the functions of invigorating spleen and stomach, dryness and dampness, promoting water, calming fetus and so on. It is a traditional specialty of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province, and is famous all over the country for its quantity, quality and quality. In order to explore the cultivation techniques of high yield and high quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, we have carried out experiment, demonstration, application and popularization for 5 years, and good results have been obtained. The per unit yield increased from about 180kg to 300-350kg, and the highest was 401.5kg, which increased by 67% Mel 112% compared with conventional cultivation.

(1) carefully selected land, timely sowing and good land selection is the prerequisite for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz to obtain high yield and high quality. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz has "four fears and three pleasures" (fear of drought, fear of dampness and dryness, and fear of heat and coolness). Characteristics: strict requirements on the soil, it is appropriate to choose high dry terrain, cool climate, sufficient sunshine, above 350m above sea level, deep soil layer, groundwater level below lm, convenient drainage and irrigation of slightly acidic yellow mud sandy loose soil and planting of Gramineae crops for more than 5 years or raw land. This can not only reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests, but also benefit the full development of root system of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and lay the foundation for high yield. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz can be planted from "Greater Cold" to "Qingming Festival", but if planted prematurely, it is not only easy to be frozen, but also increases the chance of bacterial infection and mildew; if planted too late, the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings is not flourishing, the stress resistance is low, and the growth period is shortened, affecting yield and quality. According to the experiment, it is proved that it is the most suitable to plant for 20 days before and after "stinging". Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz grows fast, the root system is developed, and the water absorption is strong. There is a large increase in production.

(2) reasonable close planting, moderate depth and moderate Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz should select fragrant stalk or large leaf species with strong growth, strong disease resistance, high yield and high quality to carry out reasonable close planting. The planting density is too thin, the yield is not high; too dense affects ventilation and light transmission, breeding diseases and pests, although the number of rhizomes is large, but the individual is not large, the yield is not high. Generally speaking, the stems and leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz do not overlap each other after growing up. Can be used as border planting, border width 1.2m-1.3m, tortoise back-shaped; furrow width 23-27cm, depth 20-23cm. Each row was planted according to the distance between 25x20cm rows, and 11000-12000 plants per 667m2 species. The sowing depth should be moderate, the temperature difference is too shallow, it is easy to be frozen in the early stage, it is easy to be lodged by wind damage in the middle and later stage, and the soil temperature rises quickly to promote "tillering bud", so that the technique shape is poor, the yield and quality is low, and it is not suitable for deep sprouting and slender operation. Generally, the depth of 5-7cm is the best, and 3cm is the best after planting, which is beneficial to complete and strengthen seedlings, reduce sprouting "tillers" and enhance plant resistance.

(3) applying "four fertilizers" 667m2 to produce Atractylodes macrocephala 350kg, which requires nitrogen 24-26kg, phosphorus 15-17kg, potassium 13-15kg, borax 0.5-0.7kg per 667m2. 1. Base fertilizer. 1500-2000kg, 50-1000kg, 50-60kg, 2000-2500kg, 30-40kg and borax 0.5-0.7kg were applied per 667m2. 2. Seedling fat. Be early and light. Generally, the seedling height was about l0cm before and after "Grain Rain". 300-400kg in dilute human feces and urine or ammonium bicarbonate 10kg were applied to promote seedling growth. 3. Stalk fertilizer. In order to meet the fertilizer demand before the formation of reproductive organs of Atractylodes macrocephala before and after the formation of reproductive organs of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, when the seedling height 30cm before and after "Lesser Fullness of Grain" is about 500-600kg or compound fertilizer 15-17kg is applied in 667m2. 4. Rhizome fertilizer. To be heavy and complete, when the rhizome began to expand before and after "Lesser Heat", 25-30kg of rotten vegetable cake, 750-900kg of human feces and urine, (or compound fertilizer 30kg), calcium superphosphate 25kg and ammonium bicarbonate 40kg were applied in 667m ~ 2 to meet the fertilizer requirement in the stage of foot rhizome expansion. In this period, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% borax mixture was sprayed 1-2 times to promote rhizome swelling.

(4) the general requirement of meticulous management, chemical control and prevention of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is to achieve the "four nots": no disease and insect pests, no weeds, no tillers, no stagnant water, to achieve strong seedlings and strong plants. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz ploughing and weeding, because the root system is close to the ground and close planting, the middle ploughing should be shallow and the number of times should be less, so it can be carried out 1-2 times in combination with soil cultivation in the seedling stage. After the formation of the stem, it was changed to pull the grass manually. Drought should be watered in time to fight drought, and ditch cleaning work combined with soil cultivation is often carried out. After topdressing, "Greater Heat" cut grass and paved the ground to reduce weed growth and ground water evaporation, prevent Rain Water from splashing the soil, and reduce the spread of germs on the soil surface. In order to supply concentrated nutrients to the rhizome and promote the rhizome expansion, it is necessary to remove the "tiller", cut off the "branch" and spread the branches on the ground in time, and cut off the cattail every 6-7 days every 6-7 days before flowering and after the general "the Summer Solstice". Cut 3-4 times in a row, each time, the cut should be flat, so as to facilitate the wound "healing". The cut tillers, cattails, stems and branches should be taken out of the field and dealt with centrally. In order to prevent lodging of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, 600x liquid of "Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz" should be sprayed 1-2 times before and after "Grain in Beard" to promote deep root, strong root, strong culm and healthy plant. Enhance the ability to resist lodging.

(5) Comprehensive control and timely spraying of diseases and insect pests of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the key to the success of Atractylodes macrocephala cultivation. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz mainly has "four diseases": blight, root rot, white silk disease and iron leaf disease. The prevention and control measures are to focus on chemical control on the basis of agricultural control: soaking with 402 "600" times or 70% methyl topiramate 700 times to prevent "four diseases" at the same time, Rhizoctonia solani is sprayed with 20% dimethicone 600 times or 77% stably killing 800 times before the onset of disease in mid-May; root rot is irrigated with 700 times of "high comprehensive agent" or 75% chlorothalonil before the onset of disease in mid-May. Before the onset of the disease in late May, the white silk disease was watered with 800-fold solution of 20% methylisofos. After the first application, the above two diseases were prevented every 15-20 days and sprayed 4-5 times, and the control effect was more than 95%. After spraying the same amount of Bordeaux solution or "high comprehensive agent" 700 times in mid-April, the field inspection was strengthened and the disease center was sprayed in time. The main pests of Atractylodes macrocephala are aphids, grubs, beetles and so on. When the number of aphids reaches more than 700 per 100 plants, the aphids should be sprayed with 40% dimethoate 1000 times in time. To control underground pests such as grubs, beetles and root aphids, carbofuran 2-2.5kg mixed with fine mud was applied to the bottom of the planting hole every 667m2, and 50% phoxim or 50% methamidophos was used to control roots when combined with culm fertilizer and rhizome fertilizer, and other diseases and insect pests should also be controlled in time.

(6) timely harvest, early harvest of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz with quality and quantity, high water content, low fresh-dry rate, long drying time, affecting yield and quality. Generally after frosting, the stems and leaves withered, the upper leaves hardened and brittle, the lower leaves yellowed, "Frosts Descent" to "the Beginning of Winter" harvest. When harvested at this time, the rhizome is mature, the fresh-dry discount rate and yield are high and the quality is good. For example, after "the Beginning of Winter", the upper leaves and branches have not withered, and the underground rhizome has not yet produced "tillering buds", the harvest can be postponed appropriately to make the rhizome fully mature.