Cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus

(1) Overview

Alias wild boar dung, black peach, powder Polyporus umbellatus and so on.

It is the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr. [Grifola umbellataPilat]. The taste is flat, sweet and light. It is beneficial to urinating and wetting. In recent years, Polyporus umbellatus has been found to have anticancer effect. For acute glomerulonephritis, edema, edema, adverse urination, hot rain, urgent urination, frequent urination, urethral pain, thirst, vomiting from drinking water, summer water diarrhea, jaundice and other diseases. Widely distributed in China, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning, Jilin, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces are produced. Ankang, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Baoji, Chang'an, Weinan and other Qin and Bashan Mountains in Shaanxi Province are wild.

(2) Plant characteristics

Polyporus umbellatus belongs to the family Polyporaceae of basidiomycetes, and the hyphae are specialized to form sclerotia. Sclerotia is long-shaped block or irregular spherical, slightly flat, branched ginger-shaped, gray-black or white to light brown on the surface, uneven, wrinkled or tumor-like harvest, firm and unsolid after drying, the cross section is white to light brown, semi-Lignification. The fruiting body arises from the sclerotia in the ground. The stalk is often connected to the base or a large number of branches, forming a clump of fungus cap, with a total diameter of more than 15 cm. The cap is fleshy, hard and brittle after drying, round, navel-shaped in the center, nearly white to light brown on the surface, thin and sharp at the edge, and often rolled in. The mushroom meat is thin and white. The bacteria tube has the same color as the fungus meat and is elongated with the stalk; the mouth of the tube is round to polygonal, 3 to 4 per millimeter.

(3) growth characteristics

Like fertile and moist, rich in humus, good drainage sprouting slope ripe land. Polyporus umbellatus began to grow at the temperature of 5 cm below the ground at 8: 9 ℃, and the optimum growth was at 15: 20 ℃. The hyphae stopped growing at 25: 30 ℃, entered short-term dormancy, or grew into fruiting bodies, passed through adverse environment and propagated as spores. In late autumn and early winter, 5 cm below the ground, the temperature is below 8 ℃ and then enter the winter dormancy period. April to June and September to October are the active growth periods of Polyporus umbellatus mycelium.

(4) cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and land preparation

It is best to choose under the forest at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters, the slope to the southeast or southwest, that is, the semi-shady slope, the soil layer is deep, humic, loose sandy soil. The vegetation is under the forest such as birch, oak, maple, birch and so on.

2. Methods of reproduction

At present, many kinds of Polyporus umbellatus are cultivated and propagated.

3. Cultivation time

It is best to be from March to April in spring or from July to August in autumn, when Polyporus umbellatus is going through the dormant period to enter the growth period, and Armillaria mellea is also in the growth period, the two can establish a good symbiotic relationship with each other.

4. Cultivation methods

The use of pit planting, generally pit depth of 50 cm, length and width of 70 cm. Under-forest cultivation can not only prevent the destruction of forest, but also create a suitable environment for Polyporus umbellatus and prevent soil erosion. Before cultivation, we should first cultivate a good fungus bed or fungus material, generally use decaying roots, branches and bark with Armillaria mellea as bacteria and cut new tree sticks (about 10 cm in diameter, 50 cm in length and 60 cm in length) in the pit, cover soil 20 cm 25 cm, suitable temperature, after 1 to 2 months can be used. Can also be used to cultivate ready to plant Gastrodia elata fungus, or planted Gastrodia elata has not yet rotted and no long miscellaneous bacteria to cultivate Polyporus umbellatus. A litter with 5 sticks and 0.18 kg of sclerotia. When planting, choose intact and harmless fresh wild Polyporus umbellatus, or divide the Polyporus umbellate nucleus into small pieces, each as big as a walnut, and press with your fingers to closely combine the mycelium section of the sclerotia with the fungus material. A fungus can be pressed to put 7 pieces of Ling 8, planted a good one, with humus on the four sides of good culture, leaving no space. By analogy, generally only one layer is planted, and it is best to cover the humus soil by 20 to 25 centimeters, which is slightly higher than the ground and can be dug two years later.

(5) harvesting and processing

Polyporus umbellatus perennial habit, the yield is not high in one or two years, three or four years of cultivation is the vigorous period of reproduction. Pay attention to the sclerotia in the surface soil layer during harvest. It can be harvested all year round, and it is better to harvest in summer and autumn. The hard color of the substantia nigra is called the old nucleus, which is the commercial Polyporus umbellatus, that is, the first generation and the second generation. Fresh and tender grayish brown or yellow Polyporus umbellatus, the general nucleus is soft, can be used as a seed nucleus.

The sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus which has been harvested should be washed clean and dried in the sun. After drying, it can be shipped and sold. Pack it in sacks or bamboo sticks and store it in a dry place.

Polyporus umbellatus skin black luster, weight, solid, white or yellow section is preferred.