Technical problems in the cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus has three colors of black, gray and white, which are called black, gray and white respectively. The sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus which has been growing for more than one year, the epidermis is black and glossy, the texture is dense and tough, the cross section is white or light yellow, and some of them can germinate hyphae; Polyporus umbellatus has gray or grayish yellow surface, dark luster, certain toughness and elasticity, and the cross section is white. It germinates quickly under suitable temperature conditions, and can be used as medicine or reserved for asexual reproduction. Bai Ling (that is, young Ling) skin color is white, hand kneading is fragile, cross-section whitening can germinate hyphae, high moisture content, beige after drying. Polyporus umbellatus of these three colors do not exist alone, but usually coexist as a whole, it just represents different stages of growth and development, and the growth of each growth stage of the same plant or different plant is very different, that is to say, its growth time cannot be measured by the size of its individual.

The main contents are as follows: 1. The problem of insect pests has occurred on the section of Polyporus umbellatus cultivation. According to analysis, most of them are caused by mites, horse land and other pests. The control method is very simple. Phoxim is used. After pairing according to the lowest concentration described, it can be poured into the cultivation pile, generally about 1000 times. After that, attention should be paid to prevention, such as cleaning up the surrounding environment, cutting off the source of insects, and so on. Insecticidal drugs can also be sprayed around every 3-7 days to prevent and cut off the source of pests. 2. On the problem of miscellaneous bacteria in section trees, due to the low available nutrition, it is not easy for general miscellaneous bacteria to infect them, but when they are cultivated for about half a year, they are also easy to be attacked by miscellaneous bacteria when they are in a non-light and humid environment for a long time. Generally, they are mostly wood-rot fungi, that is, fungi. Preventive measures are to select high-quality bacteria, master appropriate moisture, temperature and other conditions to make Armillaria mellea grow healthily. And close contact with Polyporus umbellatus as soon as possible to form a good symbiotic relationship, however, once miscellaneous bacteria occur, the fungus can be coated with about 100 times disinfection king solution, and then can be managed as usual. 3. On the question of the disappearance of Polyporus umbellatus, open the cultivation pile, can not find the large sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus, not even small sclerotia, this is the so-called "disappearance of Polyporus umbellatus". There are three reasons: first, there are problems with the asexual cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus (Sclerotinia umbellata) species, either infected with viral bacteria or inactive, and may be "eaten" by Armillaria mellea; some may be caused by the aging and degradation of Polyporus umbellatus used in sexual cultivation, or inactivated in uncomfortable conditions such as heat during transportation, resulting in its nutrients being completely absorbed by Armillaria mellea after cultivation. Second, Armillaria mellea belongs to multi-generation culture, which does not have the ability to supply nutrition, which makes Polyporus umbellata disappear without nutrition source, or the resistance caused by aging and degradation of Armillaria mellea species for sexual cultivation is low, so it is impossible to provide nutrition to Polyporus umbellatus. Third, if there is no problem with Polyporus umbellatus species and Armillaria mellea strains, the author believes that, to a large extent, it is due to improper management, such as water problems, Armillaria mellea can grow normally in water, while Polyporus umbellate requires a soil moisture content of 30%-40%, which is slightly larger. Polyporus umbellatus can not absorb nutrients from Armillaria mellea cords due to lack of ventilation, and the moisture is too large, and Polyporus umbellatus loses its activity due to lack of ventilation. Armillaria mellea will naturally absorb nutrients from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus, and finally lead to the "disappearance" of Polyporus umbellatus. Generally, watering can be arranged for about half a month to meet the water needs of Polyporus umbellatus. 4. On the problem of slow growth rate, Polyporus umbellatus belongs to long-cycle organisms, which generally takes about three years to grow. After half a year of cultivation, Polyporus umbellatus is about the same size as a small piece of ginger, which is a normal situation. Under general conditions, Armillaria mellea takes about two months to get in close contact with Polyporus umbellatus, and then it has to go through a stage of nutrition and anti-nutrition, and then it can enter the normal supply stage, and it can grow into small pieces of ginger in half a year. After that, there are more than two years, and generally the weight of a single piece can reach more than 250 grams. 5. On the problem of temperature, the normal growth temperature of Polyporus umbellatus is between 14 and 28 ℃, after reaching 30 ℃, it will automatically enter the physiological dormancy period, so summer management should be more careful. It is an effective measure to obtain high yield by covering leaves, weeds or grass on the cultivation pile as soon as possible to create a comfortable growth environment for Polyporus umbellatus.