High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Polyporus umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus is a kind of perennial fungus medicine, which is irregular black block, brown on the surface, white on the surface, light brown, hard, slightly elastic, slightly light, and dense inside. Polyporus umbellatus in the growing period has three colors: black, gray and white. In the process of growth, it changes from white to gray, and then to black. Heihuiling is a commercial medicinal material, and white is the young cocos in the expansion period, which has no economic value. Polyporus umbellatus, like other fungi, produces fruiting bodies and spores, which form lock-like joint hyphae to decompose and absorb lignin and other nutrients, and the hyphae knot to form Xiaobai Ling, which turns gray when it stops growing. and gradually become black from the nutrient source, and then only wait for Armillaria mellea to invade, and then continue to grow, Armillaria mellea does not invade the White Ling of the year. Only invade Huiling and Heiling after dormancy and form a co-operation relationship.

Economic value and cultivation status. Polyporus umbellatus is a famous traditional medicine, which has the functions of anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and diuresis. It mainly treats nephritis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, adverse urination, edema and gonorrhea. Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide preparation isolated from Polyporus umbellatus has good clinical effect on liver cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer and leukemia. The tender fruiting body tastes delicious and has both edible and medicinal value.

Polyporus umbellatus production has been dependent on wild resources in the past, with the development of Polyporus umbellata medicinal value and the application of Polyporus umbellatus in food health care and cosmetics, wild resources are increasingly exhausted. At the end of 1980s, researchers used sclerotia and Armillaria mellea imitation wild cultivation and achieved success, but this method has the advantages of large investment, slow growth and low benefit, so it is difficult to popularize. With the research and development of Polyporus umbellatus by science and technology, the artificial cultivation of pure bacteria made by spore isolation method was successful. The growth period has been shortened from 5-6 years to 3 years. 10-15 kg of fresh Polyporus umbellatus can be obtained per square meter, and the cultivation is not restricted by the season. Great benefits can be obtained. It is suitable for large-scale popularization and planting of broad-leaved forests, which is the first choice for forestry departments and rural economic restructuring, forestry-based development of underforest economy, and development of diversified economy to become rich.

Cultivation methods:

1. Choose the place. The selection of artificial cultivation is very important. It should be considered in terms of topography, topography, vegetation, soil and many other aspects. Polyporus umbellatus should be grown at an altitude of 300-1500 meters and a slope of 15-50 degrees. The half-sun and half-back slope of east and west Zhaoyang is better, the vegetation should be shrub species such as tussah, birch, maple, elm, willow and poplar, and the soil should be yellow sand clay under about 15 centimeters of humus soil, slightly acidic and with a water content of about 40%. Saline-alkali soil and grass carbon soil are not suitable for cultivation.

2. Temperature. Polyporus umbellatus can germinate at a depth of 10 cm, with an average ground temperature of 9.5 degrees. It grows fastest at 18-20 degrees, produces slowly at more than 28 degrees, and stops growing at more than 30 degrees below 9 degrees.

3. Materials. ⑴ Polyporus umbellatus and ⑵ Armillaria mellea. Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea should choose high-quality bacteria with thick hyphae, reticular mycorrhiza on the surface and strong germination of hyphae. ⑶ fungus material: tussah, birch, maple, elm, stick 4-10 cm in diameter, 60 cm long, and cut fish scales for use; ⑷ broad-leaved leaves; moist leaves; mixture of ⑸ leaves and corrosive soil.

4. Cultivation methods. In the selected cultivation land, the cultivation nest is dug along the mountain, the plant spacing between the nest is 30 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, and there is an operation path. The specification of the nest is 1 meter long, 70 cm wide and 15 cm deep. Each nest is cultivated with two layers of Polyporus umbellatus, spread 2-3 cm wet leaves at the bottom of the nest, select a bacterial stick of about 8-10 cm, use an eye puncher or electric drill, drill 1.5 cm deep, eye distance 10 cm, put Polyporus umbellata in the eye, do not seal the bacteria. Then put one in the middle of each litter. Then put the chopped stick on the leaves with a row spacing of 6-8 cm, put the Armillaria mellea section on the fish scale mouth, break the Polyporus umbellatus into small pieces of 4-6 cm and evenly place it in the middle of the stick, cover it with wet leaves and cultivate 2 cm corrosive soil, and carry out the second-layer cultivation according to the above regulations. after planting, the top layer of the nest is covered with about 6 cm and forms the shape of turtle back to prevent water accumulation in the rainy season in the nest.

Management and processing: simple management, no fertilization, no weeding, so as to maintain its natural growth. The experiment shows that Polyporus umbellatus strain can grow white young cocos with large beans after sowing for about 50 days under a suitable condition. Grey cocos and black cocos can be formed after about 40 days. After 3 years, each litter can produce 10-15 kilograms of fresh cocos, and 4-6 kilograms of dry products can be obtained according to 40% of the dry rate. Dry or dry in time, then store it in a ventilated place for sale.

Benefit analysis: put 1 bottle of hunting Ling fungus and 1 bottle of Armillaria mellea per square meter, that is, 15 yuan for bacteria, 2 yuan for planting pit labor, 2 yuan for materials, a total of about 19 yuan, about 5 kilograms of commercial cocos can be produced in three years, 60 yuan per kilogram according to the market price, 300 yuan output value per square meter, excluding investment 19 yuan, it can make a profit of 281 yuan, more than 300 nests can be cultivated per mu, and 84300 yuan can be made, except for manual care fees for three years. The profit is about 74300, and the benefit is very considerable.