How to cultivate Eucommia ulmoides with high yield and high quality

Eucommia ulmoides is a plant of Eucommia ulmoides family. It is a special medicinal material in China. Its bark is used in medicine. It has the functions of tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, lowering blood pressure and so on. Its high yield and high quality cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Land selection and land preparation

Choose neutral loam or sandy loam with sunny topography, fertile soil and good drainage. Before planting, apply enough basic fertilizer, deep ploughing and raking fine.

2. Raising seedlings

2.1 Mother tree selection and seed treatment

When collecting seeds, we should choose the trees which are more than 15 years old and grow sunny on the fertile soil as the mother tree, and collect the full seeds that mature in the same year. Soak the seeds in 60 ℃ water, cool naturally, keep them for 20 ℃, soak for 2 ℃ for 3 days. When the seeds expand and the pericarp softens, take them out, mix them with plant ash and dry soil, and sow them well.

2.2 sowing

Eucommia ulmoides was sown in the north of Qinhuai and subtropical alpine areas from February to March; to the south of Qinhuai, sowing with picking and sowing, the row spacing was 23cm 26cm, the depth was 3cm, the seed amount was 4Mu5kg per mu, the grass curtain was covered and watered thoroughly after sowing.

2.3 Nursery management

In addition to routine measures, nursery management should pay special attention to keeping the soil moist, timely seedling replenishment, high temperature and drought irrigation.

3. Transplanting

Transplanting is carried out in spring, and the transplanting land should be fully ploughed, digging a pit with a diameter of about 70 cm and a depth of 70 cm, and applying high-quality farm manure with a fertilizer amount of 1000 Mu and 1500 kg per mu, with a row spacing of 1.50 m × 2 m, and select disease-free seedlings with a height of about 100 cm and transplant at the same time.

4. Field management

4.1 ploughing and weeding

In the year of transplanting, it is generally ploughed for 4 times, and then the number of times can be reduced appropriately, combined with mid-tillage to get rid of weeds in the field.

4.2 topdressing

Before sprouting and after defoliation, farm manure was applied once a year in spring, and high-quality barnyard manure 2000ml 2500kg per mu was applied.

4.3 Irrigation

The times of irrigation should be determined according to the local climatic conditions. In areas where the precipitation is more than 600 mm, there can be no irrigation in normal years, and 4 times should be irrigated in areas where the precipitation is less than 600 mm. Before sprouting, the new shoots should be irrigated once in the period of growth and dormancy, and once in 5 days before peeling, and irrigation should be combined with topdressing.

4.4 Disease control

The main diseases of Eucommia ulmoides were quenching disease, leaf blight, root rot, quenching disease and leaf blight. 65% Daimen zinc wettable powder was sprayed 500-600 times at the initial stage of the disease, once every 25 days. 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder was used for root rot disease. five ring trenches with a width of 30-45 cm and a depth of 50 UV 70 cm were dug out and applied to the periphery of the crown.

5. Harvesting and processing

5.1 harvesting

Eucommia ulmoides was planted for more than 15 years before it began to peel, and the peeling took place from April to June. Use a saw to saw a ring on the ground, deep to the xylem, and then saw the second ring at an upward interval of 80 cm. Cut all the openings longitudinally between the two annular openings and gently peel off the edges at the longitudinal cuts with a bamboo knife to separate the bark from the xylem.

5.2 processing

After peeling off the bark and scalding it with boiling water, the layers are tightly overlapped and placed on the flat ground at the bottom of the straw mat, covered with wood, compacted with weight, surrounded by grass and sweated. For about 7 days, the endothelium is dark purple-brown, take out and dry, scrape off the rough skin.