Scientific planting technology of Fangfeng

[summary] aliases: side Wind, Guan Fangfeng, Dongfeng Fangfeng. Fangfeng is the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk., a perennial herb of Umbelliferae. It has the effect of dispelling wind and dehumidification. Treat cold, headache, arthralgia and other symptoms. The main growth and cultivation areas of Fangfeng: Fangfeng is mainly produced in northeast provinces and Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces. Originally wild, to the northeast of the most famous, the famous day "Guan Fangfeng". In recent years, the provinces have been successfully introduced and have gradually turned to family-based species.

[plant morphology] Fangfeng is a perennial perennial root herb. In the first year, only basal leaves grow, tufted, petiole long and flat, base expanded into a sheath. Leaf blade ovate or triangular-ovate. Bipinnately or nearly tripinnately parted, leaflet apically parted, entire, glabrous. The petiole forms a windproof brush after the leaf has withered. The root is thick and long, cylindrical, the outer skin is yellowish, grayish or white. The cross section is white with a yellow chrysanthemum heart in the middle. Most of the biennial Fangfeng plants are bolting and flowering, and the plant height is 50~80cm. Cauline leaves alternate smaller, more and more upward simplification, into incomplete leaves. Inflorescences much branched, compound umbels. Petals white, small. Double suspension fruit long-ovate, slightly laterally flattened, fruit 5-angled, lateral ribs winged. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to August.

[biological characteristics] like temperature and cold, afraid of high temperature and humidity. Can survive the winter safely under natural conditions. The root is deep and long, so it often grows on the hillside with wet back and deep soil layer. In the origin, Fangfeng only formed leaf clusters in the first year, and blossomed and fruited in the second year, but the seed germination rate was low. In the third year, all bolts blossom and bear fruit, and the germination rate is higher. However, bolting and fruiting roots are rapidly Lignified and hollow, and the plants are also easy to die.

[planting technology]

1. Land preparation and windbreak root is thick and long, like warm and humid, so it is appropriate to choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. In the selected land, apply circle fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer 5000kg, mash and scatter evenly, make a 1m flat bed.

2. Propagation method the root of Fangfeng has adventitious buds and can be propagated by cuttings. In recent years, due to the lack of seedlings and ridges caused by seed sowing and cultivation, the method of root cuttage propagation is adopted. (1) Root propagation 1) Root propagation: after the beginning of spring, in the early and middle of March, dig a seedling pool with deep 35cm, width 1.3m and long depending on the situation in the leeward and sunny place. Mix sand, furnace ash and fertile soil well and fill the pool, about 20cm. Dig out Fangfeng in the Fangfeng field that needs to be harvested at the beginning of spring or in the seed field left last year. Select the root strips with strong, uniform and strong roots, make them into small handfuls, and transport them to the edge of the seedling pond. Sequentially cut into small segments of 3.5~5cm, the upper end upward, vertically or slightly tilted into the pool, with a slight interval in the middle. After the whole pool is inserted, or after it is inserted at that time, it is leveled and covered with shallow soil. Pour into the pool with 30-40 ℃ water, pour thoroughly at one time, put several bamboo poles on the surface of the pool, and cover it with plastic film. If the temperature is low at night, you can cover the straw curtain on the plastic film. The film is sealed with wet mud around it. In sunny and warm weather, open the grass curtain, sweep away the grass dust, and shoot the water droplets from the film to make the sun shine as much as possible into the pool to increase the temperature in the pool. In the first and middle of April, adventitious buds will sprout at the upper end of the root segment, and they can be transplanted in time. Root propagation and planing products can be used as raw materials for pharmaceutical factories or directly sliced for sale. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it is not accepted by people, but the production benefit is high. 2) Root propagation and field cultivation: before transplanting, irrigate once in the seedling pond, and then dig it out with a small shovel, do not pull it out by hand. Transport the seedlings to Daejeon. Dig holes according to the row spacing of 20~25cm, plant people in the field vertically, and cover the soil thinly. When transplanting, it must be planted upright in the human hole, otherwise there are too many lateral roots, which will affect the commodity quality of medicinal materials. Water once after planting, and again after two or three days. A shallow hoe blocks the level. Soon, the seedlings will break out of the ground.

(2) seed propagation: direct seeding or seedling transplanting. If there is a shortage of seeds during introduction, seedling transplanting is usually adopted, but direct seeding is suitable for large-scale production and cultivation. The germination rate of seeds is low, generally about 50%. The seeds were soaked and mixed with sand and sowed in spring after accelerating germination at 20: 25 ℃. There was sufficient soil moisture, and the seedlings could emerge about a week after sowing. If the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, it will take more than 10 days for seedlings to emerge. 1) Direct broadcast: sowing before the land is frozen in late autumn in the northern spring drought area or after the land is thawed in early spring in the south, it is not dry in spring, sowing in April in North China and mid-May in Northeast China. First according to the row spacing of 16~20cm to open the ditch, deep 1~1.5cm, seeds evenly scattered into the ditch, covered with soil 0.7~lcm, slightly suppressed and watered, pay attention to keep the soil moist to facilitate seedling emergence. The sowing rate is 1~1.5kg per mu. Generally, autumn sowing is more neat than spring sowing. 2) Seedling raising: choose the sunny place to make 0.9 m flat bed, sow, strip sow or sow from late March to late April. Strip sowing row spacing lOcm, open shallow ditch, sow seeds evenly into the ditch, cover soil tightly, slightly compact, sprinkle water with spray pot, or pour water into the sunny border before sowing, wait for the water to seep down before sowing. Sow and cover a thin layer of fine soil with a sieve after sowing. Covering the sowing bed with plastic film or grass curtain is conducive to heat preservation and moisturization, and can accelerate seed germination and seedling emergence. When the seedling height is about 6cm, the surrounding soil is dug up and planted in the field (the method is the same as that in the root field), and watered in time to ensure survival. When the fixed seedlings produce new roots and leaves begin to expand, gently loosen the soil once, do a good job to preserve soil moisture and seedlings in order to obtain high yield.

3. Field management

(1) squatting seedlings: the surface of the border should be kept moist before emergence of direct seeding, and weeding and loosening soil should be often removed after emergence. After the seedlings come out, they should be watered less and hoe frequently. So that the roots can go deep down.

(2) topdressing and watering: interseedling was carried out when the seedling height was 3~6cm; when the seedling height was about lOcm, combined with loosening soil and weeding, the seedlings were determined according to the distance between 7~10cm plants. When the seedling height was about 16cm, calcium superphosphate 20kg and ammonium nitrate lOkg were applied per mu. When loosening the soil, weeding or topdressing, be careful not to damage the stem, so as not to affect the yield, and cultivate the soil before the rainy season to prevent lodging. Before blocking the ridges of clump leaves, one-time topdressing of cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer (50kg or 15~25kg per mu of fermented cake fertilizer) can be combined with ploughing. After the application, the shallow hoe was leveled and watered. After autumn, such as drought, can be watered several times, but the water can not be too much, the roots are clustered, affecting the quality.

(3) removal of bolting: in the first year of growth, the plant only grows basal leaves, rarely bolts and blossoms, and begins to bloom in the second year. In addition to leaving seeds, bolts should be removed in time to prevent affecting yield and quality.

(4) Diseases and insect pests and their control 1) Yellow Phoenix Butterfly (Papilio771achaonLinneus.): belonging to Lepidoptera. The damage occurred in Beijing from June to September, and the larvae bit the leaves and buds. Control method: use manual killing, or spray 90% trichlorfon 800x solution every 5-7 days for 2-3 times in a row, or spray 19 green trichlorfon (containing 10 billion spores per gram). 2) Garphosomarubrolineata: belongs to Hemiptera Chimonidae. The damage occurred from June to August in the northern region. Adults and nymphs suck up juice, causing the plant to grow poorly. Control method: kill by hand, or spray with 800 times liquid of 90% trichlorfon.

4. when selecting improved varieties for harvest, those with good growth, no diseases and insect pests, straight branches and thick roots were selected as seed fields and planted alone in seedling fields. When waiting for bolting and flowering, select the seeds on the first-order branches at the top or middle of the main stem, in which the seeds or flowers in the middle of the inflorescence are cut off, and the rest of the seeds are laid down as improved seeds. If the seed is full, the germination rate is high.

[harvest processing] Fangfeng propagated with roots can be harvested in the same year, with thick and long roots, not hollow, good quality and high yield. After November, the stems and leaves can be harvested when they wither. When ploughing and harvesting, first dig a deep ditch at one end of the border, and then dig out the windbreak root sequentially and dry it in the sun. After the leaves have withered, they can be rubbed. Put the roots into small handfuls until dried. Because it is not easy to dry after winter, the drying method is often used. Some can wait until the seedlings germinate in the second year before harvest. However, if it is not timely, it will cause hollowness and reduce the quality. Fangfeng, which is propagated by seeds, can be harvested two years after sowing. Harvested after plant withering in late autumn or before new shoots in early spring. Dig the root, be careful not to hurt the root, remove the residual stem after digging, remove the soil and dry it in the sun. It is better to be thick and long, solid, no residual leaves and no impurities.