Cultivation techniques of Cornus officinalis

Dogwood alias jujube, dogwood meat, jujube skin. Cornus is a dogwood family plants. It is mainly produced in Zhejiang. Distribution in Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and other provinces. Funiu Mountain, Tianrishan Mountain and Qinling Mountains are concentrated. The vertical distribution range is 250~1300 meters, but the growth and development are best between 600~900 meters above sea level. The pulp contains 16 kinds of amino acids, in addition, contains a large number of essential elements for the human body. In addition, it contains saponins, polysaccharides, malic acid, tartaric acid, phenols, resins, tannins and vitamins A and C with strong physiological activity. Its sour taste, with tonic, stomach, diuretic, kidney, qi and blood benefits and other effects. Indications high blood pressure, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia and other diseases.

plant characteristics

1. Plant characteristics: deciduous tree or small tree, tree height 3~10 meters, black green leaves, single leaf opposite, oval or elliptic, leaf length 4~12 cm, leaf width 2~6 cm, tip acuminate, base wedge, leaf surface sparsely hairy, back surface densely hairy. 6 - 8 pairs of flowers on lateral veins are bisexual flowers, yellow umbels, each inflorescence consists of 20 - 30 daughter flowers, umbels axillary, first leaves open, flowers yellow. Drupe elliptic, deep red when ripe.

2. Variety introduction: Cornus officinalis and Cornus officinalis. Medicinal cultivation is mainly dogwood. Although there is no variety at present, the investigation shows that there is significant variation in intraspecific economic characters, which makes it easy to select new varieties.

biological characteristics

1. Requirements for growth and development

Fertile, deep, well-drained loam and sandy soils. Cornus officinalis can safely overwinter in Beijing, and mature trees can also safely overwinter in central and southern Shanxi.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions

① The climate is suitable for the area with annual average temperature of 8~17.5℃, strong cold resistance, short-term low temperature of-18℃ and annual rainfall of 600~1500 mm.

(2) The terrain is mostly distributed in the valley and foot of shady slope, semi-shady slope and sunny slope. It is cultivated mostly in low mountains with an altitude of 250~800 meters.

propagation method

1. Sexual reproduction

① Seed picking autumn fruit ripening when selecting strong fruit, remove pulp, wash. Because the seed skin is thick and hard, it needs to germinate before sowing.

2. Seed treatment. Put the seeds in 1%~2% alkali solution, rub them by hand for 3~5 minutes, then blanch them with boiling water, stir them while pouring boiling water, until the seeds are immersed in water. Cool for a while, rub for 3~5 minutes, soak in cold water for 24 hours, then take out the seeds and put them in the cement ground for 8 hours, repeat this for 3 days, until 90% of the seed shells crack, that is, mix wet sand and seeds according to 4:1 and store them in sand.

3. Sowing seedlings. Before sowing, open shallow furrows with a depth of about 5 cm according to the row spacing of 25 cm on the furrow, evenly spread the seeds into the furrows and cover the soil with 3~4 cm, keep the soil humidity, and sprout after 40~50 days. 750~1050 kg seeds are needed for 15 hectares. Thinning seedlings when they grow 2 true leaves, seedling spacing 7 cm, weed removal, intertillage in early June, watering once before winter, and cultivating soil at the roots of seedlings for safe winter.

④ Transplant. The next spring seedlings 60 cm high can be transplanted. It is best to transplant before sprouting. 450~750 plants per hectare are suitable, and about 300 plants per hectare are suitable for intercropping crops. Timely maintenance and management after planting, and the requirements for water, fertilizer, light, gas and heat are important measures to ensure high and stable yield.

2. Asexual reproduction

Asexual propagation plants can bear fruit 6~8 years earlier and keep the characteristics of excellent mother trees. Select large fruit, fruit, meat thick, high rate of skin as mother plant. In low temperature areas, attention should be paid to the selection of late flowering plants to avoid low temperature and rainy weather.

1. Laying propagation. After harvest in autumn or before the ground thaws and buds sprout, bend the twigs of two or three years old near the ground to the ground, bury the twigs cut to 1/3 of the essence into the soil that has been applied with hot manure, cover 15 cm of sandy loam, and expose the tip of the twigs to the ground. Watering frequently, layering in the winter of the second year or the spring of the third year will have long roots of the pressure soil to open, cut off the part connected with the mother plant, will have roots and seedlings planted in another land.

(2) Cutting propagation. In the middle and last ten days of May, the branches of excellent plants are cut into 15 - 20cm, 2 - 4 leaves are reserved on the upper parts of the branches, inserted into a seedbed made by uniformly mixing humus soil and fine sand, the row spacing is 20cm * 8cm, the depth is 12 - 16cm, the soil covering is 12 - 16cm, and compacted. Water enough, cover agricultural film, keep temperature at 26~30℃, relative humidity at 60%~80%, set up shade at the upper part, transmittance at 25%, adjust transmittance to 10% in mid-June to avoid strong light irradiation. Before wintering, remove the shade shed and irrigate enough water. In the next year, appropriate loosening of soil and weeding, strengthening water and fertilizer management, seedling planting in late autumn and early winter or early spring of the following year.