How to cultivate Cornus officinalis with fast growth and high yield

Cornus officinalis, whose flesh is called cornus flesh, also known as medicinal jujube and red jujube skin, is a precious woody medicine of Cornus officinalis and a famous traditional specialty in Chun'an mountainous area. In recent years, cornus meat is selling well, prices are rising, and various places are making great efforts to develop. However, because the seed shell of Fructus Corni is thick and solid, it generally germinates 3 years after sowing, and the seedlings are afforested for more than 10 years, which seriously affects the speed of development. In order to accelerate the development of Cornus officinalis production, a set of simple and easy cultivation techniques for fast growth and high yield of Cornus officinalis is introduced according to the production experience of Chun'an.

The main results are as follows: 1. The suitable growth conditions of Cornus officinalis are suitable for growing in the valley and foothills of shady slope, semi-shady slope and sunny slope above sea level of 200-1000 meters above sea level. if it grows on the middle and upper slope of sunny slope, the result is poor. It is resistant to shade and cold, and is weak in resistance to high temperature. Cornus officinalis belongs to fibrous root type tree species, which has no obvious main root, and should be cultivated in deep, fertile, loose and organic matter-rich soil.

2. Biological characteristics of Cornus officinalis is a tree species with slow growth and long life. The annual cycle of growth and development of Cornus officinalis is bud germination in the middle of March, flowering in the first ten days of April, young fruit in the middle and last ten days, and fruit hypertrophy in the last ten days of May. The volume increased rapidly, the fruit grew slowly from June to August, and entered the second vigorous growth period at the beginning of September (some tree species can advance 7-15 days).

3. Rapid breeding

The main results are as follows: (1) Select the mother tree and collect the seeds from September to October, select the mature trees with more fruit, no obvious size, early maturity and resistance to diseases and insect pests, and collect seeds when the seeds are fully mature.

(2) soak the seeds collected from October to the first ten days of November, soak the seeds in 40-50 ℃ warm water for 2-3 days, fish out, select sloping fields and vegetable gardens with good drainage and sufficient light, dig a pit 60 cm deep, put 30-40 cm thick fence fertilizer at the bottom of the pit, firmly, cover it with gunny bags, then stack the seeds with a layer of wet sand, cover the ground with rice straw and cover with plastic film to keep warm and moisturizing.

(3) the loam or sandy loam with good drainage and convenient irrigation should be selected for sowing and nursery. Turn deeply before sowing, apply 75kg organic compound fertilizer per mu. Disinfect the soil and eliminate pests. The seedbed is 1 meter wide and is sown from the middle to the middle of February to the first and middle of March. The row spacing is 20 cm, the depth of the furrow is 5-6 cm, and after sowing, it is covered with fine soil or charred mud ash 2 cm, and then covered with plastic film with straw. In the middle and last ten days of April, the film should be uncovered on cloudy days, and the management should be strengthened after that, such as weeding, fertilization, pest control, drought resistance and seedling protection.

4. Grafting can be carried out when the height of the seedling is more than 50 cm. The grafting methods include cutting grafting, cutting bud grafting, sticking grafting and so on. The survival rate of spring cutting grafting and autumn cutting bud grafting is higher.

5. Planting selected fertile, organic matter-rich, slightly acidic mountain, horizontal banded reclamation, planting hole length of 60 cm, width of 60 cm, depth of 40 cm, application of sufficient base fertilizer, about 40 plants per mu. It can also be mixed with pecans and other economic forests. The canopy density of pecans must be below 0.6, and the cultivation tube should be strengthened after survival, so that the fruit can be put into production for 3 years.

6. Adult forest cultivation tube

The main results are as follows: (1) Winter digging is carried out after November, and combined with the application of base fertilizer, it is generally carried out once every two years. The summer shovel is carried out before the dry season, and weeds are covered in the rhizosphere to reduce surface evaporation and lower ground temperature.

(2) Scientific fertilization in winter or early spring plants applied 0.5 kg of urea and calcium superphosphate, 0.5 kg of cake fertilizer or 1.5 kg of organic compound fertilizer. The plants were applied 0.5 kg urea and calcium superphosphate from the end of May to the end of June.

(3) the flower and fruit protection was dried with 2.5%-3.5% agricultural borax solution in the early flowering stage, and 0.5%-1% agricultural borax water was sprayed with 5% 10 mg / kg 2Quin4ray D solution at full flowering.

(4) the prevention and control of angular spot by diseases and insect pests usually occurs from May to June. From June, the diseased plants are sprayed with 50% wettable chlorphenicol 800 × 1000 times every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. Wooden inchworm, also known as Toxoplasma gondii, the first generation of larvae appeared in late May to mid-July, the harm is more serious, the second generation of larvae appear in August to September, less harmful, can be sprayed with 50% fenitrothion emulsion or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution.