How to standardize the cultivation of Sophora flavescens

Sophora flavescens, alias bitter bone, Sophora pseudoacacia, is a perennial semi-woody plant of Leguminosae, with the effect of clearing heat, dryness and dampness, killing insects and diuresis. Sophora flavescens is the dry root of Sophora flavescens. Sophora flavescens has the effects of clearing heat and dryness, killing insects and diuresis. Sophora flavescens has the effect of treating damp-heat, anthrax, dysentery, enteritis, skin pruritus and so on. Sophora flavescens is taboo to avoid using Sophora flavescens in patients with deficiency of spleen and stomach. Sophora flavescens anti-resveratrol should not be used together with Veratrum.

I. Plant characteristics

Deciduous semi-shrub, 1.5-3 m high. Roots Terete, bark yellowish white. Stems erect, much branched, longitudinally furrowed; young branches sparsely hairy, later glabrous. Leaves odd-pinnate, 20-25 cm long, alternate; leaflets 15-29 pairs, leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-4 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide, apex acuminate, base rounded, shortly stipitate, entire, abaxially densely flatly pilose; stipules linear. Racemes terminal, 15-20 cm long, shortly hairy, bracts linear; calyx campanulate, flattened, 6-7 mm long, 5-lobed; Corolla butterfly, yellowish white; upper petal spatulate, wingless, as long as keel; stamens 10, filaments separated; ovary stalk hairy, stigma rounded. Pods linear, apex long beaked, indehiscent at maturity, 5-8 cm long. The seeds are slightly constricted, inconspicuously beaded, sparsely pubescent. Seeds 3-8, subglobose, black. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to September.

Second, growth habits

Sophora flavescens likes warm climate and can be cultivated in plains, hills and low mountain areas. The requirement of soil is not strict, but because Sophora flavescens is a kind of deep-rooted plant, it is better to choose rich, deep and well-drained sandy loam and clay loam.

III. Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization. Artificial cultivation of Sophora flavescens should choose deep soil layer, good drainage, loose and fertile loam, sandy loam or humus loam as bed. 2000 kg of farm manure is applied per mu. The use of large ridge high bed technology, bed width 130-140 cm, length depending on the need, bed height 10-12 cm, bed spacing 30 cm.

2. Reproductive technology. (1) seed propagation. From July to September, when the pods of Sophora flavescens turn dark brown, harvest them for drying, threshing and winnowing, and set aside in a dry place. The seeds should be treated before sowing. Methods: the seeds were soaked in 40 ℃-50 ℃ warm water for 10-12 hours, then drained slightly before sowing, or sown by wet sand stratification (seeds and wet sand mixed with 1 ∶ 3) for 20-30 days. In addition, the germination rate of seeds can also be increased by treating with 95% Mak 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 60 minutes. In the middle and last ten days of April, on the high border, a hole with a depth of 2-3 cm was opened according to the row spacing of 50-60 cm and the plant spacing of 30-40 cm. 4-5 treated seeds were sown in each hole and covered with fine soil mixed with plant ash to keep the soil moist and seedlings emerged in 15-20 days. The seedling height is 5-10 cm, and there are 2 strong seedlings in each hole. It can also be raised and transplanted. (2) split root propagation. Seeds can be sown in both spring and autumn. Autumn planting is carried out after defoliation, and spring sowing in late April, when the underground ground temperature of 5 cm is stable to more than 15 ℃. Select 15-20 cm Sophora flavescens roots, each must have 2-3 roots and buds, according to the row spacing of 30 cm, groove depth of 10 cm, flat cover soil compaction, watered.

3. Field management. (1) weeding by ploughing. Weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out at the seedling stage to keep the field free of weeds and the soil loose and moist, so as to facilitate the growth of Sophora flavescens. (2) topdressing. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing was applied twice a year, the first time when the seedling height was 15 cm in the middle and late May, and the second time in the first and middle August, the seedling height was 50-70 cm, and topdressing was applied timely and appropriately according to the plant growth. (3) drainage and irrigation. Pay attention to keep the soil moist, timely watering in drought, and trench drainage in the rainy season to avoid stagnant water and rotten roots. (4) picking flowers. In addition to keeping the seed land, the flower bolts should be cut off in time so as not to consume nutrients.

IV. Harvesting and processing

The roots can be excavated after the stems and leaves withered in September-October or before emergence of seedlings in March-April after planting for 2-3 years. Plane out the whole plant, divide it into a single root according to the natural growth of the root, remove the Reed head and fibrous root, wash the sediment, dry or dry it. About 700 kilograms of dried medicinal materials can be produced per mu.

Sophora flavescens is distributed in Russia, Japan, India, Korea and the northern and southern provinces of the Chinese mainland. It grows at an altitude of 1500 meters, and grows mostly on slopes, sandy lands, grassy slopes, shrubs and fields. According to traditional Chinese medicine, Sophora flavescens has the effect of clearing heat, dryness and dampness, killing insects and diuresis.