Scientific cultivation techniques of Sophora flavescens

Sophora flavescens, also known as Kugu, Niushen and Chuanshen, is a leguminous plant sophora flavescens ait. dry roots. has the effects of clearing away heat, eliminating dampness, killing insects, and diuretic; and can be used for treating heat-toxic blood dysentery, intestinal wind diarrhea, jaundice, urinary stasis, red leucorrhea, pudendal swelling and itching, infantile pneumonia, malnutrition, acute tonsillitis, hemorrhoids, proctoptosis, eczema, wet sore, skin itching, scabies, leprosy, pudendal wet itch, scrofula, scald, etc. External use can treat trichomonal vaginitis. It is distributed and cultivated throughout the country. Shandong mainly produces in Weifang, Linyi, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Jinan, Yantai, Tai 'an and other places.

1. Biological characteristics

Sophora flavescens grows wild in the sunny places of hillside grassland, plain, hill, roadside, sandy land and red soil. Love warm weather. The soil requirements are not strict, and the general soil can be cultivated; but the loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and convenient irrigation is preferred. 2. Cultivation

2.1 Land selection, preparation and fertilization

Sophora flavescens is a deep-rooted plant. It is suitable to cultivate in clay loam, sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage. Apply fully decomposed compost or manure 3000kg per mu, mash and scatter evenly, deeply turn 40~50cm, rake and level, and make a high bed of 1.3 m wide.

2.2 Seed propagation method:

From July to September, when the flavescent sophora pods turn dark brown, they are collected and dried, threshed, and cleaned of impurities, and placed in a dry place for later use. Seed treatment should be carried out before sowing. Method: Soak seeds in warm water at 40~50℃ for 10~12 hours, then drain them slightly and sow them; or stratify them with wet sand (seed and wet sand mixed 1∶3) for 20~30 days before sowing. In addition, 95%~98% concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 60 minutes can also improve seed germination rate. From late March to early April, holes with a depth of 2 - 3cm are opened on the arranged high bed according to the row spacing of 50 - 60cm and the plant spacing of 30 - 40cm, 4 - 5 treated seeds are sown in each hole, covered with fine soil mixed with plant ash, the soil is kept moist, and seedlings emerge in 15 - 20 days. Seedling height 5~10cm seedlings, each hole to retain 2 strong seedlings. It can also be transplanted. Rooting propagation:

Spring and autumn can be carried out in both seasons. Autumn planting after defoliation, spring planting before germination. Spring and autumn cultivation were combined with harvest of Sophora flavescens. Excavate the mother plant, cut off the thick roots for medicinal purposes, and then cut into several plants according to the number of buds and roots on the mother plant. Each plant must have 2 to 3 roots and buds. Plant seedlings according to the above plant and row spacing, and plant 1 plant per hole. Cover with soil and irrigate thoroughly. 3. Field management

3.1 rational irrigation and drainage

Irrigate in time after drought and fertilization to keep the soil moist. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent ponding and rotten roots.

3.2 intertilled weeding

Seedling to carry out intertillage weeding and cultivating soil, keep the field without weeds and loose soil, moist, in order to facilitate the growth of Sophora flavescens.

3.3 topdressing

On the basis of applying enough basal fertilizer, topdressing is carried out twice a year: the first time is carried out in the middle and late May, and 2000kg of diluted manure water is applied per mu; the second time is carried out in the first and middle August, and phosphorus and potassium are mainly applied. Fertilization frequency should be increased appropriately for barren plots.

3.4 pick flowers

In addition to planting land, cut flowers and sprouts in time to avoid consuming nutrients. 4. Harvesting and processing

Roots can be dug up in August to September after 2 to 3 years of planting or before emergence in March to April. The whole plant is cut out, divided into single roots according to the natural growth conditions of the roots, removed from the reed head and fibrous roots, washed with sediment, dried or dried. Fresh root is cut into round slice or oblique slice with thickness of 1cm, dried or dried to obtain flavescent sophora root slice.