Planting techniques of pollution-free Salvia miltiorrhiza

1. Range

This standard is applicable to the pollution-free production of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Hebei Province. This standard stipulates the environmental and technical conditions, fertilizer use principles and requirements, production management and other measures of pollution-free Salvia miltiorrhiza per hm2 per unit yield 4500kg~5200kg.

two。 Pollution-free production management measures

Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is mainly propagated by root division, and the varieties of root division propagation for many years are easy to degenerate, and seed propagation is needed after root division propagation for several years, which is beneficial to the purification and rejuvenation of the varieties. Reed head propagation (which can be seeded in the same year) and cutting propagation can also be used.

2.1 Reproduction

2.1.1 split root propagation

When Salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested every autumn, the annual root strips with sturdy, red, non-rotten, fully developed and disease-free 0.7cm~1cm are selected as seed roots and stored in wet sand to be planted in the second year. It is also possible to choose the plants with strong growth and disease and insect pests to stay in place, stay as seed plants, and dig along with planting in the second year. Split root propagation is harvested in the autumn of the year or in the spring of the following year.

2.1.2 seed propagation

Sowing around April 20, sowing land should select the land with high soil looseness, plough deeply before sowing, apply rotten organic fertilizer 2500kg as basic fertilizer per 667m2, fine rake flat, make border width 1.2m, level border surface, ditch according to row spacing 33cm, deep 1cm, seeds mixed with fine sand, spread evenly into the ditch, cover fine soil without seeds. The seed consumption per mu is about 0.5kg~1kg. After the seedlings are unearthed, the seedlings should be determined by the combination of ploughing and weeding. When the seedlings had 2 ~ 3 true leaves, the first topdressing was applied with rotten human and animal manure water 1500kg per 667m2, and the second topdressing was carried out in late July, urea plus diamine phosphate 10kg per 667m215kg, watering in case of drought and timely drainage after rain. in addition, except for planting, the flowering moss should be cut off in time. Seed propagation can be transplanted in the same year, or it can be used as seed root propagation in the following year.

2.2 split-root propagation and planting techniques

2.2.1 site selection

It is appropriate to choose the previous crop for Gramineae crops, the soil is more fertile, the soil layer is deep, the terrain is high, and the land with good drainage. Sandy loam is better.

2.2.2 Land preparation

The plots should be ploughed more than 20cm, raked fine and leveled, and a drainage ditch should be opened around the 1.2m border.

2.2.3 fertilization

The base fertilizer is mainly high quality organic fertilizer, commonly used chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Under the condition of medium fertility, high quality organic fertilizer 2000kg, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 5kg (equivalent to urea 10.9kg), phosphate fertilizer 6kg (equivalent to calcium superphosphate 50kg) potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4kg (equivalent to potassium sulfate 8kg) are applied per 667m2. 2.2.4 planting in late March, planting at the right time, planting according to row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 25cm, deep 5cm~7cm trenching or hole planting on the raked fine border. The seed root was cut into small segments of 5cm~7cm and planted in the original direction, which could not be inverted. One section of each hole was covered and flattened. The seed root 1200kg~1500kg was needed for each hm2, leaving about 6000 plants per 667m2.

2.2.5 Intermediate tillage and weeding

It is usually carried out three times. The first time was carried out when the seedling height was about 10cm, and then depending on the growth of weeds, shallow hoe was suitable for middle ploughing.

2.2.6 topdressing

After planting Salvia miltiorrhiza, under the condition of applying sufficient base fertilizer, the general topdressing is once, and the special case is twice. In late June, urea 20kg was applied per 667m2 during the peak period of plant growth. Foliar fertilizer was sprayed with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2% superphosphate leaching solution 50kg in mid-late July.

2.2.7 drainage and irrigation water

Danshen avoid stagnant water, in time after the rain should be dredged to remove stagnant water in the ground, to prevent waterlogging, causing root rot. From May to July, Salvia miltiorrhiza needs a lot of water in its peak growth period, so it should be watered in time in case of drought.

2.2.8 picking buds

In addition to remaining in the field, buds were picked in stages and batches after the first and middle of July. It should be sooner rather than later, so as to facilitate the concentration of nutrients in the root growth. Be careful not to damage the stems and leaves when picking.

3. Pest control

3.1 Root rot

3.1.1 Agricultural control

3.1.1.1 reasonable rotation can inhibit the accumulation of soil bacteria.

3.1.1.2 choose disease-free seed planting.

3.1.1.3 rational fertilization, adequate base fertilizer, more organic fertilizer, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, timely topdressing, cultivation of strong seedlings and fitness cultivation.

3.1.2 Chemical control

3.1.2.1 seed roots were soaked before planting: 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl topiramate was dipped in 10min, dried and planted.

3.1.2.2 Chemical control: during the disease period, the roots were irrigated with 50% carbendazim 800 solution or 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution, about 250ml per plant, and 7d~10d was reperfused once for 2 ~ 3 times. It can also be sprayed with the following agents: 1000 times of methyl topiramate or 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil, 50kg solution every 667m2, every 10 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. Pay attention to the base of the spray stem.

3.2 Root-knot nematode

3.2.1 Agricultural control

3.2.1.1 rotation, preferably with Gramineae crops.

3.2.1.2 choose disease-free seed planting.

3.2.1.3 cultivate strong seedlings, improve the stress resistance of the plant itself, and adopt fitness cultivation.

3.2.2 Chemical control combined with soil preparation, 3% phoxim particles 45kg was applied per hm2, scattered into the ground, turned into the soil, and soil disinfection was carried out. Or 50% phoxim EC 3kg~3.75kg and 10 times water diluted into 30kg~37.5kg solution sprayed on the fine soil of 375kg~450kg to make "poisonous soil", combined with ground preparation evenly scattered on the ground, turned into the soil, or the "poisonous soil" scattered along the ridge near Salvia miltiorrhiza, if it can be applied before the rain, the effect is better.

3.3 Leaf spot

3.3.1 Agricultural control

3.3.1.1 crop rotation, planting Salvia miltiorrhiza on the same plot for no more than two cycles.

3.3.1.2 clear the withered branches and leaves out of the field in time after harvest and burn them centrally.

3.3.1.3 increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface, per 667m250kg to improve the disease resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

3.3.2 Chemical control

At the initial stage of the disease, each 667m2 was sprayed with 50% wettable carbendazim powder into 800x ~ 1000 times 50kg solution, once at intervals of 7d~10d, 2 ~ 3 times in a row.

3.4 Underground pests (grubs, golden needles)

3.4.1 Agricultural control

3.4.1.1 intensive tillage, deep ploughing and harrowing, reasonable crop rotation, reasonable fertilization and irrigation can reduce the pest population density and reduce the harm.

3.4.1.2 apply fully mature organic fertilizer.

3.4.1.3 artificial hunting combined with land preparation and deep ploughing

3.4.2 physical control

Trap and kill adults with black light at night.

3.4.3 Chemical control

3.4.3.1 combined with soil preparation, 5% phoxim granule 15kg~22.5kg was mixed with 225kg~450kg fine soil per hm2 and sprinkled.

3.4.3.2 when it occurs in large quantities, 50% phoxim emulsion is diluted to 1000-1500 times or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times 100kg, and the sprayer head is removed and the root is irrigated along the ridge.

4. Harvest

4.1 seed harvesting

In the first and middle of October, when the 2/3 shell of Salvia miltiorrhiza ear turns withered and yellow, cut off the ear with scissors, remove the immature part of the ear and tie it into bundles, put it in a ventilated place to dry 2d~3d, and thresh in time. Then remove the blighted grains and sundries and keep them for reserve.

4.2 Medicinal (root) partial harvest

When Salvia miltiorrhiza grows in the field for one year (autumn of that year) or more (spring of the second year), and the chemical composition of the root (used as root medicine) meets the quality standard (the content of tanshinone is not less than 0.3%, and the content of Danshensu is not less than 1.2%), in early November, the aboveground began to wither, the soil dry humidity was suitable, and the sunny day was selected for digging. Put the dug Salvia miltiorrhiza in place to dry the soil on the root, cut off the stalk, Reed head and other ground parts, remove the soil, load the basket and transport it to the drying ground, or use a dryer to dry. Dig as deep as possible, do not pull with your hands, do not squeeze, do not trample, do not encounter water and rain.