How to standardize the cultivation of scutellaria

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a perennial herb with a height of 20-50cm, a cone-shaped main root, a length of about 10-30cm, a diameter of about 1-2cm, a yellowish-brown outer skin and a yellow interior. Stems tufted, basally protruding, slightly ascending or erect, branches many and thin, plants square, green or purplish green. Leaves simple opposite; leaf blade lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute, base rounded, entire. Racemes terminal, flowers arranged densely on one side; calyx tubular outside densely tomentose; Corolla purple, 2-lipped; stamens 4, 2 strong; pistil 1, ovary 4-parted, with orange fleshy disk under ovary. Nutlets 4, ovate, black, surface tuberculate, ca. 1mm in diameter, enclosed in persistent calyx. The florescence is from June to September and the fruiting period is from July to October.

Biological characteristics

Huangqin prefers mild climate, cold tolerance and drought. Originally wild in hillsides, ground weirs, forest edges in sunny dry places. The requirements of the soil are not strict, with good drainage, fertile sandy loam red excellent, can be planted in the hilly and thin land. Low-lying flooded land is not suitable for planting.

Cultivation techniques

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: choose sandy soil with loose, fertile, irrigated conditions and deep soil layer. Conditional application of soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2000-2500kg per mu, mashed fine scattered in the soil; 50 kg compound fertilizer and 25 kg phosphate fertilizer can also be used as base fertilizer. Turn 20-24cm deep, rake fine and level off, make 90cm wide flat beds, and open drains. When the ground is dry, first pour water into the border, wait for the water to seep down, and then sow when the topsoil is slightly dry and loose.

2. Methods of reproduction

(1) propagate with seeds. Spring sowing is between "the Spring Equinox" and "Qingming Festival", and summer sowing is between "the Summer Solstice" and "the Beginning of Autumn". Live broadcast. On the finished border surface, according to the row spacing 24cm, open the 1cm deep ditch, the seeds mixed with fine sand, evenly spread into the ditch, cover the soil 0.5cm, cuddle flat, slightly suppress, so that the seeds are closely combined with the soil. Keep the surface of the border moist, and seedlings emerge about 10 days after sowing. The seed consumption per mu is 3kg.

(2) transplanting per mu. Before and after "Qingming Festival", on the finished border surface, according to the row spacing 12cm, open the deep ditch of 0.5cm, sprinkle the seeds with fine sand in the ditch, cover the soil flat, slightly suppress, and cover it with a layer of grass or wheat straw to keep the topsoil moist. Seedlings are raised with about 5 kilograms of seeds per mu. Transplanting: those sown in spring are transplanted before and after "the Beginning of Autumn", and after germination in the second year of summer sowing. In the whole field, according to the row spacing 24cm, open 12-15cm deep ditch, according to the plant spacing 12cm, bud head up, below the ground about 15cm, so that the root upright, covered with soil, compaction, so that the root is in close contact with the soil. Watering after planting to ensure survival.

3. Field management

(1) Management at seedling stage. After sowing, keep the ground moist so that the seedlings can be unearthed. After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the covered weeds and gently move the topsoil to keep the ground loose and moist, which is conducive to root elongation. When the seedlings grow to the height of 4cm, they will hoe shallowly once and remove the weak seedlings from time to time. The seedlings were kept according to the distance of 6cm in the seedling field, and the seedlings were fixed by 12cm according to the distance between plants. Hoe the grass when there is a fixed seedling, water it during drought, pay attention to waterlogging in the rainy season, and do not accumulate water in the land.

(2) Management after transplanting. After survival, pay attention to hoeing and loosening the soil and keep the ground clean. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has strong drought resistance. In case of severe drought or topdressing can be properly watered, generally not often watering. After "the Beginning of Summer", soil mixed 1000kg and plant ash 150kg were applied per mu, and after mixing, shallow ditches were applied between rows. After soil cover, weeds were often removed to keep the land free of weeds. Generally blossom in June, can open to September, the seed maturity is not consistent, and fall with maturity, such as harvested seeds should be harvested in time, storage and reserve. If you do not need to harvest seeds, you can remove the buds to facilitate root growth.

Pest control

According to years of production practice and observation. At present, there are not many diseases and insect pests in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which generally do not need special control, and only a few plots have been found to have leaf blight.

Leaf blight: the source of the disease is a half-known fungus in fungi. It is mainly harmful to leaves. The symptom is extending inward from the tip or edge of the leaf. It is an irregular black exhaustion disease spot, which spreads rapidly from top to bottom, resulting in leaf death and easy to occur in high temperature and rainy season.

Prevention and treatment methods: deal with the diseased and residual plants in winter, and burn the infected plants at the root to eliminate the overwintering bacteria. At the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder was sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, which was sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

Harvest and processing

Usually two years after sowing, it can also be harvested in the same year. Before and after Frosts Descent, pick the planing on a sunny day, planing off the stems, leaves and soil, drying or drying. In the process of drying, prevent the water from getting wet and rain, so as not to see the water turn green, and finally deteriorate and blacken, affecting the quality. After drying, remove the root, and then it can be used as medicine. Every 3-4kg fresh root, can process 1kg dry information, generally per mu can harvest 200-300kg. The practical information should be thick, solid and yellow in color.