Scientific Cultivation Technology of Radix scutellariae

I. Overview

Scutellaria baicalensis, alias Golden Stripe Root, Camellia Root, Scutellaria Tea, is a Labiatae plant. Its root is used for medicine. Its main ingredients are baicalin, baicalein, baicalein and Scutellaria baicalensis. It has the effects of clearing heat, purging fire, detoxification, calming fetus and so on. It is mainly used in the treatment of febrile fever, pneumonia, hemoptysis, jaundice, hepatitis, dysentery, eye red, fetal movement and so on.

II. Biological and ecological characteristics

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a perennial herb with 20~50cm in height, conical main root, long 10~30cm, 1~2cm in diameter, yellow-brown outer skin and yellow inside. Stems tufted, base protruding, slightly ascending or erect, branches many and thin, simple leaves opposite, leaf blade lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute, base rounded, entire. Racemes terminal, flowers arranged densely on one side; calyx tubular outside densely tomentose; Corolla purple, 2-lipped; stamens 4, 2 strong; pistil 1, ovary 4-parted, with orange fleshy disk under ovary. Nutlets 4, ovate, black, surface tuberculate, ca. 1mm in diameter, enclosed in persistent calyx. The flowering period is from June to September and the fruiting period is from July to October.

Huangqin prefers mild climate and is resistant to cold and drought. Originally wild in hillsides, ground weirs, forest edges in sunny dry places. The requirement of soil is not strict, good drainage, fertile sandy loam is the best, which can be planted in hilly and thin land.

III. Methods of reproduction

Propagate with seeds and split roots.

1. Land selection and preparation: choose sandy loam with sufficient sunshine, good drainage, deep and fertile soil layer, and avoid continuous cropping. Ramming farm manure 3000kg, superphosphate 20kg, tillage depth 25~30cm were applied per mu. Rake fine and flat, make a border with a width of 1.2m, unlimited in length.

two。 Seed propagation: ① seed collection. The strong growing plants were collected, the florescence of Scutellaria baicalensis was long, the mature period of seeds was inconsistent, and it was easy to fall off, so it was picked immediately after ripening, dried, laid down seeds and removed impurities. Seeds were soaked in ②. Soak the seeds in 40-50 ℃ warm water for 24 hours before sowing, remove them and dry them a little before sowing. Sow seeds on ③. Spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing takes place from mid-April to early May and autumn sowing takes place from mid-August to late September. According to the row spacing 30~40cm, the ditch depth 0.5~1cm, the seeds were evenly sowed into the ditch, covered with fine soil, watered after a little suppression, to keep the soil moist. In order to ensure the soil moist, wheat straw and rice straw could be covered after sowing to facilitate seedling emergence. At the temperature of 15: 18 ℃, seedlings emerged about 10 to 15 days after sowing. The seed germination rate of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is about 60%, and the sowing amount per mu is 1~1.5kg. Sowing soil cover of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is the key, because the seed is small and the ability of topping soil is poor, sowing should be shallow, covering soil should be thin, and sowing too deep and covering soil too thick can not emerge seedlings.

3. Root-splitting propagation: before sprouting new buds of Scutellaria baicalensis in spring, dig out the root, cut off the main root for medicinal use, and then cut the mother plant into several pieces according to the size of the rhizome, each piece has 2-3 buds, and plant according to the row spacing of 15cm × 30cm. Seedlings can grow after about 10 days of soil compaction and watering. This method can shorten the growth cycle, but it has more root branches than direct seeding.

IV. Field management

1. Interseedling: after the seedlings came out, the dense and thin seedlings were dropped twice, and the seedlings were fixed according to the plant distance 10~15cm.

two。 Intermediate ploughing and weeding: after the seedlings were unearthed, loosen the soil and weed in time, combined with loosening soil to properly cultivate the soil around the seedlings, 2 or 3 times a year, no weeds, which is conducive to the normal growth of plants.

3. Topdressing: when the seedling height 10~15cm, topdressing a light human and animal manure water to help the seedling growth and increase the yield. At the end of June and the beginning of July, calcium superphosphate 20kg plus urea 5kg was applied per mu, ditched between rows, covered with soil and watered again.

4. Remove buds: if you do not harvest seeds, cut off the flower branches, reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote root growth, and increase yield. In addition to staying in the field, the florescence should be pointed in time, and the buds should be cut off on a sunny day to promote root growth.

V. Prevention of diseases and pests

The main diseases and pests are leaf blight, which harms the leaves and extends inward from the leaf tip or leaf edge, showing irregular black-brown disease spots, which spreads rapidly and causes the leaves to die. The disease is serious in the hot and rainy season. Spray with 1000 times of carbendazim, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times in a row.

VI. Harvesting and processing

Radix Scutellariae is used as medicine. Harvest after 2 or 3 years of planting, dig out the roots when the stems and leaves are yellow in autumn, remove the stems and leaves, shake off the soil, bump off the skin when the sun is semi-dry, and then dry or dry. Yield dry goods per mu 150~200kg.