Practical technique of planting Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

The traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a perennial herb of Labiatae, which has the functions of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, diuretic, detoxifying and cholagogic and so on. Produced in Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and other provinces and regions, most provinces and regions in northern China can be planted.

Scutellaria baicalensis likes to be warm and cold-resistant, and the underground part can bear a low temperature of-30 ℃. It is resistant to drought and cold, and it is easy to cause rotting roots when planted in areas with poor drainage or rainy conditions.

I. planting methods

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is mainly propagated by seeds, and can also be propagated by cuttings and roots.

1. Direct seeding is generally used for seed propagation. Because the seeds are small and it is difficult to emerge seedlings, the ground must be cleaned up. Before land preparation, 2000,000kg of rotten barnyard manure is applied per mu, deep ploughing and fine raking, the border surface is required to be fine and flat, and the hillside land without irrigation conditions can not be made. Spring sowing in March and April, summer sowing can be sowed in the rainy season or winter sowing, the highest yield in spring sowing, no irrigation conditions, should be sown in the rainy season. Generally, strip sowing is used to sow seeds evenly in a shallow trench with a depth of 3cm according to the row spacing of 25ml / 30cm and cover the soil with a thickness of about 1cm. After sowing, it is gently suppressed, with a sowing rate of 0.50Mu / mu and 1kg. Because the seeds are small, in order to avoid uneven sowing, sowing can be mixed with 5mur10 times fine sand before sowing. Watering in time after sowing, always keep the topsoil moist, the seedlings can emerge in about 15 days, and the weak seedlings that are too dense should be removed after emergence. When the seedlings are 6mur7cm high, the seedlings should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 12mur15cm, and the seedlings should be replenished where there is a lack of seedlings, and the seedlings must be transplanted with soil, and the overdense seedlings can be transferred and watered after planting to facilitate survival.

The seeds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are small, and the soil cover is shallow when sowing, often due to drought or uneven topsoil, large soil grains and difficulty in seedling emergence, resulting in a large number of lack of seedlings. The solution: first of all, the soil preparation must be fine and flat; secondly, the soil should be watered in time after sowing, often keeping the soil moist until emergence; in addition, planting in dry land should be sown in the rainy season, and the mulch can also be covered with plastic film or grass to preserve soil moisture, and the mulch can be removed after emergence. In this way, the emergence of seedlings can be guaranteed to be consistent and neat.

2. The most suitable cutting period for cutting propagation is May and June, and the plant is in an exuberant vegetative growth period. the young semi-lignified part of the upper end of the stem is cut (the survival rate of the middle and lower part of the stem is very low), and it is 10 cm long. Then remove the leaves of the lower 2 sections and retain the upper leaves. The slotting machine is best to use sand, or relatively loose sandy loam. Generally should be cut along with the insertion, according to the row spacing of 10 × 5 cm in the bed, timely watering after insertion, and shading, to often spray water to keep the soil moist, but should not be too wet, otherwise the cuttings will become black and rotten. Properly managed, the survival rate can reach more than 90%, and can be transplanted in 40 days after implantation.

3. Split-root propagation should pay attention to selecting high-yield and high-quality plants during harvest, cut off the roots for medicinal use, and leave part of the rhizome propagation materials for use. If you dig and harvest in winter, bury the rhizome in the shade indoors, and plant it in the second spring; if you harvest in spring, divide the rhizome into several pieces, each with several bud holes, and then plant them in the field according to the row spacing of 30 × 20 cm. The survival rate of planting in hillside land by this method is higher, and it is the same as general management after planting.

II. Field management

In the emergence period, the soil should always be kept moist, the dry soil should be watered in time, the drought resistance of the adult plant should be enhanced, it can be watered less, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging in the rainy season. At ordinary times, we should also pay attention to loosen the soil and weed at any time. In addition to strengthening general management, attention should also be paid to fertilization. In the first year, fertilization should be carried out for the first time after seedlings are fixed. 500 kg of human feces and urine or 5 kg of urea should be applied per mu, and 30 kg of ammonium phosphate should be applied from June to July. 50kg rotten cake fertilizer was applied after turning green in the second and third year, and 30ml / 40kg ammonium phosphate fertilizer was applied before ridge closure in late June. When applying fertilizer, it should be ditched, covered with soil and watered.

III. Harvesting and processing

Harvest 2-3 years after planting. Generally at the end of autumn after the stem and leaf withered or after the spring thaw, before the bud mining, because the root grows deep, should dig deeply, prevent to break the root. After the roots are dug out, shake off the soil, cut off the stems and leaves, sun until half dry, bump off the outer skin, and then dry or dry quickly. It can also be sliced and then dried in the sun, but it can not be washed with water or sliced fresh, otherwise it will turn green in the broken skin.

When drying, you should avoid exposure to strong light, as excessive exposure will make the yellow turn red. At the same time, it is also necessary to prevent being wet by the rain, because the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi turn green and then black after being drenched in the rain, which will affect the quality. The finished product is solid without holes and the interior is bright yellow. Generally 3Mel 4 kg fresh root can be processed into 1 kg of practical information. The amount of seed used per mu is about 2 kg, the yield of dry goods per mu is 200 kg 300 kg, and the high one can reach more than 380 kg.