How to plant licorice with high yield

I. Seedling and transplanting

1. Raising seedlings

Deep, fertile and loose rotten soil or sandy loam should be selected in the nursery land. Apply 2000 kg of farm manure, 25 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu as base fertilizer, ploughing more than 40 cm, leveling and raking fine, and making a 110cm wide flat bed for reserve. Licorice seed coat is leathery, shiny and has poor water absorption, so it should be treated before sowing. Sand grinding is generally used in production. Mix licorice seeds and clean river sand at a volume ratio of 1:1, put them into a container, stir repeatedly to rub them, and sow seeds when the seed coat does not shine. In March and April, four shallow ditches with a width of 10-15 cm and a depth of 1.5-2 cm were opened along the ridge of the border, and the seeds were sprinkled evenly into the ditch. After spraying 800 times of methamidophos, the fine soil was covered with 0.5-1 cm thick, and the grass was covered with heat preservation and moisture. Use 5 kilograms of seeds per mu, cultivate one mu of seedlings, and plant 5-6 mu of fields. When the temperature is 20 ℃, seedlings can emerge in 5-7 days. When 50% of the seedlings emerge, remove the cover grass and water to preserve moisture, waiting for the seedlings to be completed. When the seedling height is 15ml / 20cm, 20 kg of urea is applied per mu with water, and then water is controlled to facilitate the root strip to grow into the deep soil layer and cultivate excellent seedlings. Licorice is vulnerable to underground pests such as tigers and golden needles at seedling stage, especially in waterlogged depressions and newly reclaimed lands. In addition to increasing the amount of methamidophos during sowing, it should be applied again on the 40th and 100th day after sowing, and the dosage should be controlled at 1000-1500 times, irrigating plants or pouring with water. Licorice is prone to powdery mildew in the hot and humid season. First, scattered dotted and cloud-like powdery attachments appeared on the back of the leaves, and then spread to both sides of the leaves, resulting in the early yellowing of the leaves and seriously affecting the seedling yield. The method of prevention and control should focus on the word "early", that is, early detection and early prevention. At the initial stage of the disease, 35% trimethoprim 1000-1200 times liquid spray can be used to prevent and cure the disease, once every 5 days, 3 times in a row. Metalaxyl can also be used for prevention and control. It can be cultivated carefully for one year and can be transplanted in February of the following year.

2. Transplanting

Licorice is resistant to drought, cold, salt and alkali, and has strong adaptability. The transplanting field should choose the sandy loam with deep, loose and fertile soil. After the land is selected, 3000 kg of farm manure, 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu as base fertilizer, ploughing 35 cm, leveling and raking fine, and making 110cm flat border. In mid-late February, starting from one end of the seedling bed, dig more than 40 cm deep, carefully dig out the seedlings, make sure that the root strip is more than 35 cm long, cut off the dead branches, and retain up to 3 rhizomes. The seedlings should be planted along with the rise, and the loss of water should be strictly prevented. On the finished border surface, three small ditches with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 15 cm were opened along the direction of the border stem. Two rows of seedlings were staggered in each ditch, and the root head distance was 12-15 cm. When covering the soil, the root head is 5 cm on the border surface, and the root tail is 15 cm under the border surface, and the rhizome extends naturally. After covering the soil, use your feet firmly, pour water once, and when the border surface does not stick to your feet, paddle and hoe to preserve soil moisture.

3. Field management

The seedlings began to emerge about 15 days after planting. After finishing the seedlings, 15 kg of urea per mu was applied to promote the growth of seedlings, and from the end of May to the beginning of June, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate was applied per mu and watered after application. During this period of time, it is necessary to apply fertilizer and water scientifically to ensure exuberant growth at the seedling stage and strive for closure as soon as possible. During the rainy season, do a good job in dredging and drainage to prevent the occurrence of powdery mildew. Before freezing, pour overwintering water and apply 3000 kilograms of fine farm manure per mu to survive the winter. In February of the second year after planting, cut off the stump on the ground, pour once the green water, and draw a hoe when the border surface is not sticky. The hoe should be shallow so as not to damage the rhizome of the irrigated layer. When the seedling is 20 cm high, apply phosphoric acid to 30 kg per mu, and then water it. After that, it is an important period for the growth of licorice. 75 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed on the leaves every 10 days for three consecutive times. In the later stage of growth, watering should be strictly controlled. before the flood season, we should be prepared to discharge water and spray mancozeb and carbendazim alternately to prevent the occurrence of powdery mildew.

4. Pest control

In the production of licorice, ground tiger and golden needle worm are the most common pests, and powdery mildew is the most common disease, both of which are the main causes of yield reduction. The control methods have been mentioned before and emphasized here for attention. Other diseases and insect pests can be controlled symptomatically.

5. Harvest and processing

The Autumn Equinox can be harvested from the second year to the third year before spring germination. Dig along one end of the border, dig out the approximate roots completely, dig out the rhizomes, cut off the stems and leaves, shake the soil and expose to the sun, dry and tie them into bundles, which can be sold. The root and rhizome can also be tied up separately and sold separately. Licorice products are dry, free of impurities and powdery. The average yield per mu is 600 Mu and 1000 kg.

2. Rhizome propagation

1. Land selection and preparation

The sandy loam with fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage and low salinity is usually selected. Usually, when preparing the soil, the tractor is used to turn the soil, and the depth is about 20 centimeters. At the same time, 2000,000,000 kilograms of barnyard manure is applied as base manure every 667 square meters, and then leveled and raked fine, and a border with a width of 50 centimeters and 60 centimeters can be planted. Only the depth of cultivated land should reach more than 40 centimeters.

2. Select the seed stem

When licorice is harvested in February, the straight, stout, short internodes with adventitious roots on the nodes are selected as seed stems. Cut the selected seed stem into small segments 15 cm long so that there are at least three budding nodes on each segment. Soak the truncated seed stem in the gibberellin solution of 30ppm for 3-5 minutes and plant immediately.

3. Planting

Three small ditches with a width of 15-18 cm and a depth of 5-7 cm were opened on the finished border surface along the ridge. Two rows of seed stems were placed in each ditch to connect the end to the end. After spraying 800 times of methamidophos, the seed stem was covered with 4-5 cm under the border surface and watered once. When the border surface was not sticky, the soil moisture was preserved and the soil temperature was increased.

4. Field management

Licorice propagated from rhizome emerges slowly, and it takes about 20 days when the ground temperature reaches 80% at 18 ℃. Therefore, during this period of time, we must do a good job in drought resistance and soil moisture conservation to ensure that the border surface is moist and conducive to seedling emergence. The seed stem using gibberellin to promote germination is slender after emergence, and can be sprayed for a long time or short and strong according to the instructions to make it stout. After finishing the seedlings, 15 kg of urea per mu and 30-60 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed per mu. Since then, diligently hoe and exterminate wasteland, actively control underground pests and ensure the prosperity of the whole seedling. The management after June and the management method of the second year are basically the same as those of transplanting, and I will not repeat them any more.