Autumn management of apple trees that grow apples

The peak of flower bud differentiation of apple appears in autumn. Grasping the autumn management of apple trees can lay a solid foundation for high yield, stable yield and high quality in the second year.

Fertilizer and water management

For unfruited trees, 0.15-0.25 kg diammonium phosphate can be applied to each tree, and fruiting trees can apply 0.7 kg of pure nitrogen and 0.7 kg of available phosphorus per 100 kg fruit according to the planned yield of the second year. Topdressing of young trees could significantly increase the germination rate in the following year. For big trees in full fruiting period, when fertilizers are applied in autumn in successive years, compared with topdressing in early summer, the yield of each tree can be increased by about 50 kg under the condition of the same amount and type of fertilizer.

In autumn, combined with the control of apple diseases and insect pests, 0.3%-0.4% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed twice. In mid-October, 0.3% urea was sprayed once during the nutrient reflux period.

The autumn application of base fertilizer in September (late-maturing varieties can be postponed to the first and middle of October). Weeds, leaves, diseased fruits, etc., were deeply buried in combination with base fertilizer, and 5% of the total amount of available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was applied, which played a significant role in improving soil fertility and promoting apple root growth. According to soil moisture, can be properly watered, do not flood irrigation, so as not to cause autumn shoot growth and fruit coloring. Frozen water can be watered once in the middle and last ten days of November to facilitate fruit trees to survive the winter.

Pruning

Autumn pruning can improve the ventilation and light transmission of the tree, increase the coloring of fruit, improve the quality, and also have an obvious effect on increasing the number of flower buds in the second year. When the canopy is closed, or when there are too many autumn shoots in the periphery, which affect the light, thinning and shrinking part of the tender shoots, only long branches and long branches. The long shoots left after thinning can be softened in the middle and last ten days of August to change their growth polarity. When the tree is too tall and there are too many interlayer auxiliary branches, the head can be properly dropped and the interlayer branches can be cleaned after fruit picking, but the number should not be too much. It is easier to form flower buds in autumn than in spring, and a large number of strong branches on the back can be avoided at the same time. For the lateral branches of unfruited strong trees, it is better to draw branches from 70 to 80 angles. This branch pulling can improve the light, stop the growth of long shoots, enrich new shoots, and reduce the workload of winter shearing.

Control of diseases and insect pests

The main pests of apple trees in autumn are peach heart borer, boat caterpillar, golden moth, green leafhopper, etc., and diseases include ring disease, anthracnose, rot and so on. The rot disease is at the peak of the second (autumn) incidence of the year at this time, so it should be scraped off in time and treated with medicine. Other diseases and insect pests should be combined with the local pest situation and disease, do a good job in comprehensive control and improve the rate of good fruit, which also plays a significant role in preventing young trees from sprouting and improving the cold resistance of trees in winter. It should be pointed out that after entering August to September, it is best not to spray Bordeaux liquid, so as not to affect the coloring of red varieties.