Apple Tree Management in Summer

August is the peak period of flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit expansion of apple trees, and it is also the peak period of the occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests; the tree management in this period is very important, and the key points of management are summer pruning, pest control, topdressing, weeding and drainage.

Summer pruning: first, for strong branches and long branches, take branches to open at an angle and ease their growth; second, to remove some shaded branches; third, to cut short spring shoots in the middle of spring and autumn shoots, blind nodes in spring and autumn shoots or in the middle of autumn shoots to promote autumn secondary shoots and form flower buds, becoming a good group of fruiting branches. Fourth, for fruit trees with too much fruit and fruit parts moved out, hanging branches and top branches are carried out to prevent broken branches and avoid fruit folding together, which is conducive to the growth, development and coloring of fruits; fifth, pick the heart of the fruit a little, promote its short branches and form flower buds.

Prevention and control of diseases and pests: red spiders are prone to outbreak in case of summer drought, which can be controlled by spraying 1.8% avermectin water emulsion 3000 × 4000 times + Ruoshuitong 4000 times; serious apple woolly aphids occur in orchards, sparse insect tips, and spray 48% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times 1500 times + 25% imidacloprid suspension 2000 times + 4000 times mixture to control In the initial stage of leaf roll moth and leaf miner moth, you can choose to spray 25% thiazuron suspension 1000-1500 times, or 40% thiazuron suspension 6000-8000 times. Peach heart borer should be sprayed on trees when the egg rate reaches 0.5% 0.8%. The commonly used agents are 20% thiazuron EC 2000 times, 5% kungfu EC 2500 times (and control mites), and so on. Continue to do a good job of artificially killing leaf roll moth, boat caterpillar, grasshopper cicada, mulberry longicorn beetle and longicorn beetle; in rainy season, spray 70% thiophanate methyl (Lizhi, methyl thiophanate) wettable powder 800 times 1000 times, or 25% propiconazole EC 2000 times 3000 times, or double Bordeaux solution twice. Control brown spot, leaf spot, ring streak, anthracnose, round spot root rot, black light trap lamp, yellow trap board, Lepidoptera insect trap core, etc., to trap and kill pests.

Topdressing: topdressing fruit expansion fertilizer is beneficial to promote new roots, improve leaf function, increase single fruit weight, increase grade fruit rate and yield, enrich flower buds and tree nutrition accumulation, improve tree resistance, and lay a good foundation for high yield and high quality in the current year and good harvest in the coming year. Generally, about 50 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer) is applied per mu, which is beneficial to the expansion of fruit. Topdressing of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve fruit firmness, sugar content and fruit coloring.

Weeding: weeds grow vigorously in August, compete with fruit trees for fertilizer and water, affect the ventilation and light of fruit trees, breed diseases and pests, and weeding should be done in time. The lush green grass outside the garden, on the edge of the ditch, on the edge of the garden and by the side of the road can be cut and pressed under the tree plate. Orchards with artificial grasses are planned to be sown during the rainy season. For orchards that have implemented artificial or natural grass, the grass should be cut off when the grass grows to 20 to 30 centimeters. It is advocated to cover orchards with grass-derived materials such as crop straw or weeds, which can not only reduce the breeding of diseases and insect pests, but also reduce temperature, moisturize and improve soil.

Waterlogging drainage: August is the rainy season, and there is a large amount of precipitation, so we must do a good job in flood control and drainage, soil and water conservation and wind prevention. In rainy season, there is much soil moisture and poor ventilation, which will inhibit the growth and absorption of roots. Flat orchards can carry out ridging cultivation and management techniques, that is, taking 10 cm of topsoil between rows to press into the rows, so that there is a height difference of about 20 cm between rows and within rows, and increase the topsoil layer under the crown, which can not only store water, but also drain and prevent waterlogging, promote the absorption of nutrients, and avoid root diseases caused by waterlogging. The root neck of the waterlogged plants will be peeled to dry in order to facilitate the root system to recover as soon as possible.