Requirements of growing ecological conditions for growing mango

I think we are all very familiar with mango, many people in life like to eat mango, but mango contains some ingredients, some people will be allergic to it, so although mango is delicious and nutritious, it is a tropical fruit, so you can't eat too much!

Requirements of growing ecological conditions for growing mango

I. temperature

The most suitable annual average temperature of mango is 21 ≥℃ 27 ℃, and the monthly average temperature ≥℃ (13 ≥℃ is suitable). The cold tolerance of longan litchi is slightly lower than that of longan litchi in the area with absolute lowest temperature > 0 ℃. The average annual temperature of most major mango producing countries in the world is about 25 ℃, the coldest monthly average temperature is ≥ 18 ℃, and the absolute lowest temperature is more than 5 ℃. Mango production can not be developed in areas where frost is common during flowering. In the suitable temperature range, the mango produced in the area with higher temperature has earlier ripening period, higher sugar and acid and better quality.

The effective temperature for mango tree growth is 18 ℃ 35 ℃, and the optimum temperature for shoot growth is 24 ℃ 29 min, which stops growing below 10 ℃, and seedlings below 3 ℃ suffer from cold injury. The suitable temperature at flowering stage and early stage of young fruit development is above 20 ℃. Below this temperature, pollination and fertilization is poor, even inflorescences die, immature embryos die, resulting in fruit drop. If it is higher than 37 ℃ and accompanied by dry wind, florets and young fruits suffer sunburn. There should be appropriate low temperature or drought in the period of flower bud differentiation.

2. Moisture and temperature

Mango is most suitable for planting in low-rainfall areas with irrigation conditions, because it needs both soil moisture and excessive atmospheric humidity. Dry in winter and spring and humid in summer and autumn, it is an ideal climatic condition.

1. Need moisture (refers to soil moisture)

Mango is in great need of water during shoot extension and fruit development (especially during fruit expansion), as well as in flowering and young fruit stages. Otherwise, the growth of branches and shoots will be affected, the fruit will expand, and the flowers and fruits will fall.

2. Fear of humidity (refers to atmospheric humidity)

In the period of shoot germination and leaf change, such as continuous rain or too much humidity (relative humidity more than 80%), young leaves are easy to induce anthracnose and cause fallen leaves and withered shoots. During the flowering and fruiting period, if it is overcast, rainy or foggy for 3 days, it will cause withered flowers and fruit and lead to poor harvest. The area with sunny weather, abundant sunshine and relatively low temperature during the flowering period is an ideal mango producing area. In the middle and later stage of fruit development, prolonged drought, showers or sudden full irrigation will cause fruit cracking and fruit drop. Heavy rain before harvest weakens the flavor of the fruit and reduces its quality.

The most important of the above is that mango requires an annual rainfall of 700ml 1500 mm, and the florescence and small fruit stage has a drought of not less than 3 months, which is the most important factor affecting the distribution of mango trees. For example, the annual rainfall in Dongfang County, Hainan Province, is 1000 Mel 1500 mm, and the dry season is from November to May. Cloudy and rainy weather is very rare. Whenever it rains in the north of Hainan, there is only wind but no rain or only a small amount of rain, and the weather will soon clear up. June to September is the rainy season (it usually rains every 10 days, and the weather is fine immediately after the rain), and the rainfall accounts for 75.8% of the annual rainfall. The dry season is when mango trees blossom and bear fruit. The fruit growth period of early and middle maturity varieties; the rainy season is the fruit expansion and harvest period of late maturity varieties, and the autumn shoot growth period of early, middle and late maturity varieties; therefore, the county has become the main producing area and the most suitable ecological zone of mango. In recent years, mango has been planted in a large number of areas with irrigation conditions, with high yield and high quality, and its benefit is considerable. Because the distribution of rainfall in the county can not only meet the requirements of dry weather at flowering stage, but also meet the needs of a large amount of soil moisture for shoot growth. That is, the tree will grow and the fruit will not be mistaken. Similar areas include Changjiang, Ledong and Sanya in Hainan Province; the west coast of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province; the Baise area of Guangxi; the Nujiang, Lancang and Red River basins in Yunnan; and the river valleys of the Anning River Basin, a tributary of the Jinsha River in Sichuan. The areas of Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties in Taiwan are very limited, so we should concentrate our financial, material and human resources to first develop the "king of tropical fruits"-mango in this most suitable ecological area, with the highest economic benefits.

As for the sub-suitable areas with more low temperature, overcast and rain and suitable temperature in the flowering period of mango, the suitable varieties (Zihua, Guixiang, Yuexi No. 1, etc.) should be selected and the input of pesticides, fertilizers and labor should be increased, so that the economic benefit will be better. But it is still difficult to compare with the most suitable area.

3. Lighting

Mango is a positive tree species, "no light does not bear fruit". Sufficient light can promote flower bud differentiation, increase fruit setting rate, increase sugar content, thus improve yield and quality, so it is necessary to choose sunny and open land to build a garden.

4. Wind

The strong wind (force five or above) is harmful and the breeze is beneficial. In windy areas, windbreaks should be planted before planting mango trees.

5. Soil

Mango trees are not strict with the soil, but the soil layer is deep (more than 2 meters), the groundwater level is low (less than 3 meters), the drainage is good, and the organic matter is rich. PH5.5-7.0 loam and alluvial soil are the most suitable for planting mango.

6. Altitude and topography

Commercial production should be below 600 meters above sea level. However, it should be considered in combination with the temperature (the highest elevation in Thailand is 900 meters). The construction of a garden in the plain can reduce the production cost, but it requires good drainage, a slope of less than 20 degrees in hills and mountains, and a good soil and water conservation project.

According to the above requirements for the ecological conditions of mango, in order to facilitate the growth and fruit of mango trees, facilitate management and transportation, and not compete for land with grain, mango orchards should be located in hilly lands with small slopes or sunny slopes and south slopes in the lower part of the mountains. these areas have fertile soil, high groundwater level, convenient irrigation and good drainage, which are important areas for the development of mango. As for the plain area, if it is located around the Tanggong Reservoir in Dongfang County, Hainan Province, which is the most suitable ecological area for mango, the terrain is flat, the soil is fertile (the content of organic matter in the surface soil is as high as 1% Mel 2%), the soil quality is sandy soil, the drainage is good, the groundwater level is low (less than 3 meters) and there is irrigation water source, and the transportation is convenient. It is a rare treasure land for mango production. In recent years, a large-scale mango commodity base is being built.

Nutritional value of mango

1. Mango has delicate meat and sweet smell, which is rich in sugar, vitamins, protein 0.65-1.31%, carotene 2281-6304 micrograms per 100 grams of flesh, soluble solids 14,24.8%. And the content of essential trace elements such as selenium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron is also very high.

2. Mango has about 57 calories, vitamin A content is as high as 3.8%, twice as much as apricot, vitamin C content is also higher than oranges and strawberries, vitamin C content is 56.4-137.5 mg per 100g pulp, some can be as high as 189mg, sugar content is 14.1%, seeds contain 5.6% protein, 16.1% fat, 69.3% carbohydrates.

3. Mango contains 32 kcal per 100g, protein 0.6g, carbohydrate 7g, fat 0.2g, moisture 90.6g, dietary fiber 1.3g, ash 0.3g, carotene 8050 micrograms, retinol 1342 micrograms, vitamin B10mg, vitamin B20mg, nicotinic acid 0.3mg, vitamin C23mg, vitamin E 1.21mg, potassium 138mg, sodium 2.8mg, magnesium 14mg, 0.2 mg of iron, 0.2 mg of manganese, 0.09 mg of zinc, 0.06 mg of copper, 11 mg of phosphorus and 1.44 mg of selenium.

Site selection of mango plantation

The main results are as follows: 1. The nursery should be far away from the mango orchard and there are no old mango trees around it, so as to reduce the spread of diseases and insect pests, cultivate seedlings free of diseases and insect pests, and facilitate transportation and irrigation and drainage. Nursery land should be selected leeward to the sun, back north to south, sunny enough gentle slope, the groundwater level is below 1 meter. Low-lying land is easy to gather cold air and form frost, and drainage is difficult, vulnerable to waterlogging, should not be selected.

2. Sandy loam and pH 5.5-6.5 are suitable for nursery land. Sandy soil has poor water retention, seedlings are vulnerable to drought and sunburn, and their growth is poor. The air permeability and drainage of clayey soil are poor, and the soil is easy to harden, resulting in poor root growth, more root damage at seedling initiation, and low survival rate.

3. Mango nursery is not suitable for long-term continuous cropping, otherwise the soil fertility of the nursery will decrease, and the diseases and insect pests will be serious, which is disadvantageous to the plant growth.

Management techniques of Mango Orchard

1. Irrigation and drainage

After planting, the seedlings need to be drenched and kept warm in the case of drought. Watering once every 7 to 10 days is appropriate to keep the orchard soil moist. Regular irrigation is needed during the flowering and fruiting period to ensure the moisture needed for flowering and fruit. If there is local stagnant water in the rainy season, it should be drained in time.

2. Ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil

The orchard requires weeding 4-6 times a year to keep the rhizosphere to weed. The shallow root circle should be loosened before late autumn to winter.

3. Coverage

Grass mulching can maintain water balance soil temperature, reduce the breeding of weeds, at the same time, increase soil organic matter, prevent consolidation, which is beneficial to the activity of root groups.

4. Deep digging and soil pressing,

At the crown drip line, dig fertilizer ditches that are 80cm long and 150cm long, 40cm deep and 50cm wide. Each ditch is pressed into 40-50 kg of grass, 10-20 kg of soil fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of superphosphate.

5. Fertilization for fruiting trees

① is fat after fruit. Mainly organic fertilizer, combined with deep ploughing to improve soil. Each plant should also be increased by 0.5 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer.

② fertilizes the flower. The period of flower bud differentiation was from 11 to 12 months one month before flowering. Generally, ammonium sulfate or urea is 0.51kg / plant.

③ Xie Hua Fei. Add 0.5%-1% potassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium nitrate as extra-root topdressing when applying quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer or combined spraying in mango blossom.

④ strong fruit fertilizer. The fertilization time is from March to April every year. The amount of fertilizer applied this time accounts for 60% of the amount used in the whole year. The mixed ratio of N ∶ P ∶ K was 8 ∶ 1 ∶ 8. Combined with irrigation, it is beneficial to the water and nutrients needed for fruit expansion.

For the growing environment of mango, I think many people know that mango belongs to tropical fruit, so first of all, the temperature requirement for mango is relatively high, it is certainly impossible to grow such delicious mango in the north, and the second is the influence of humidity and light.