Key points of soil management in apple orchard

1. Ridging and covering

1, dig fertilizer pit (can be combined with base fertilizer). Dig 2 - 4 fertilization pits with length and width of 40cm and depth of 50cm (topdressing depth is 20cm) vertically downward 30 - 40cm inside the extended branches at the periphery of the tree crown.

2. Trenching and ridging. In the direct direction or watering direction outside the fertilization pit, a watering ditch (also a drainage ditch) with a width of 30 - 40cm and a depth of 30 - 40cm is closely attached to the outer edge of the fertilization pit. The ditch soil is covered in the row, the height is 15 - 20cm, the 3 - 5 cm around the trunk is not buried, and finally the shape of the row is low and the row is high.

3. Cover with black plastic film. Cover the ridging and fertilizing holes with black plastic film, the width varies according to the age and spacing of plants, 1 - 2 meters per side.

II. Artificial grass growing between rows

Through experimental study and large area investigation of grass growing in orchards of our county and its surrounding counties (cities and districts), we think that white clover, astragalus flat-stemmed, lotus root and hairy vetch are the best grass species suitable for apple orchard at present.

White clover, flat stem astragalus root, lotus root can be sown in spring and autumn, of which autumn is the best. Spring and autumn sowing periods are from late March to April and from mid-August to mid-September. Weeds in the garden shall be cleared before sowing. The ploughing depth shall be 20-25cm. After leveling the ground, sowing can be carried out. Drill, broadcast can be, drill row spacing is about 30cm, depth 1- 2 cm, seed per mu with 1 - 2 jin. The sowing method is to spread the grass seeds on the ground on the basis of loose soil, and then use a vegetable rake to hold them back and forth several times to make the seeds buried, or use a hoe to open a shallow ditch, that is, raise the ditch with your hands, spread the seeds with your hands (in order to prevent the seeds from falling too fast, you can mix in a proper amount of sand, stir well and sow them), and then spread them flat with your feet. When moisture content is insufficient, water to supplement moisture content. When the white clover grows to more than 30cm, it is timely mowed, and the stubble is about 10cm, and the mowed grass is covered in the tree tray. The effective utilization period of white clover planted once is at least 5 years.

Hair leaves vetch should be autumn sowing, depth 2 - 3 cm, because it is an annual grass, so do not need to mow, the second year in late June death, autumn do not need to sow, can use the seeds on the ground to grow new seedlings.

Third, the method of covering grass

Under the apple tree crown or the whole garden cover, the cover thickness is 15 - 20cm (some soil is pressed on the grass surface), no ploughing, and new grass is filled every year.

Fourth, increase the application of farm manure, improve soil organic matter content, improve soil structure.