Experience of dwarfing and dense planting of jujube

The dwarfing and dense planting cultivation of jujube is to change the large sparsely planted trees into short and compact plants similar to small shrubs, which is a new cultivation mode. This model is beneficial to saving land resources, intensive cultivation and modern management.

Jujube has a short childhood and has the characteristics of early flowering and early fruit. The agricultural proverb, "Peach, three apricots and four pears, will pay back the money in the same year" scientifically shows that jujube trees have the habit of early flowering, early fruit and early yield. The formation of early yield of jujube is positively correlated with the number of branches and leaves per unit area and soil coverage in a certain range. When the number of branches per mu is 0.75-20,000, the number of stocks per mu is 30,000-60000, and the coverage rate of branches and leaves is 70-85%, the yield per mu can reach 1200-1500 kg. Therefore, the adoption of dwarfing and dense planting, increasing the population structure, increasing the number of branches and leaves, and reaching the high yield index ahead of time can lay a good foundation for the early and high yield of dwarfing and dense planting jujube orchard.

The jujube tree is dwarfed and densely planted, and the tree body is short and compact, and the result is mostly at the place of 60ml / 120cm, so that the carbon dioxide in the space close to the surface temperature can be more fully utilized, the light is sufficient, the light utilization rate is high, and the leaf photosynthesis is strong. The upper part of the jujube orchard receives 75% of the total light, and the central part accounts for 30% of the full light. Therefore, the upper, middle and lower leaves of the tree can receive sufficient sunlight, the growth of leaves increases and thickens, the palisade tissue is developed, the content of chlorophyll is high, and the production of organic nutrients increases. Therefore, the accumulation of photosynthate in jujube is more, and the consumption is less, which makes the jujube have strong three-dimensional fruiting ability, more fruit, large fruit, bright fruit color, high nutrient content and high sugar content. Therefore, the dwarfing and dense planting jujube orchard has the advantages of early fruiting period, high and stable yield and high yield per unit area.

Dwarfing and dense planting jujube orchard, generally planting 440 plants per mu (1 × 1.5 m) or 330 plants per mu (1 × 2 m). 220 plants (1.5 × 2 m) were planted with jujube grain or jujube vegetables per mu, or 110 plants (2 × 3 m) per mu.

The cultivation direction of jujube tree is the best in the north-south direction, because the side of the plant in the north-south direction receives light evenly, the strong light enters the angle at noon, the fruit coloring is good, the ripening period is early, and the fruit quality is excellent.

For the soil preparation of the dwarfing dense planting garden of jujube trees, it is better to dig a 60 × 60 cm long ditch, separate the raw and cooked soil, first mix the cooked soil with farm fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, backfill the ditch, and then mix the raw soil with fertilizer, and then backfill the upper layer of the ditch. The cultivation of jujube seedlings should not be too deep and too shallow, and it is appropriate to take the depth of the original seedlings and pour enough water into the roots after planting. During the sprouting and growing period of jujube, it is necessary to control diseases and insect pests in time and strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water. In the second year, the yield per mu of jujube trees is about 200,000kg; in the third year, the yield per mu can reach about 600,000kg; in the fourth year, when it enters the full fruit period, the yield per mu can reach about 1200mu and 1500kg. In the fifth year, we need to take turns to stubble every other row, in the middle and last ten days of March every year, the part of the stubble is 10ml 15 cm above the grafting site, and the saw blade of the flat stubble is flattened with a knife and smeared with white paint to prevent nutrient evaporation. After the jujube tree sprouts, erase the upper buds and leave two buds, waiting for the seedlings to grow to a height of more than 20 centimeters. The pole should be tied firmly to prevent the wind from breaking. ? The jujube tree was stubble in that year, germinated and grew rapidly and sturdy in that year, and blossomed and bear fruit in the same year. At the same time, it is necessary to control the wild growth of jujube orchards, timely wiping buds, coring, twisting, folding, ring peeling and pruning, so as to keep the trees short and compact, ventilated and transparent, and form a high-yielding tree. This new cultivation model can sustain high and stable yield for as long as 20 years.