Fine management of planting jujube trees in rainy season

Since the beginning of summer, after the high temperature and drought in the previous period, and a drenching rain throughout the province on July 18, our province has really entered a high-temperature and humid season. With the advent of the rainy season, how to manage jujube trees at this time and what are the main tasks have become a topic of concern to jujube farmers. Let's talk about the management of jujube seedling stage and fruit stage respectively.

I. Seedling management should pay attention to topdressing and promoting health.

For the rootstock sour jujube seedlings sown this year, the hot and humid season is the fastest growing season. Due to the drought some time ago, the seedlings grew slowly. Therefore, we should seize the favorable opportunity of high temperature, high humidity and rapid seedling growth at the present stage, apply urea 1-2 times in time, the interval is about 20 days, and the dosage per mu is 7-10 kg to promote the growth of seedlings. At the same time, timely ploughing and weeding can create a good environment for the growth of seedlings. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, attention should be paid to the control of red spiders and jujube armyworms, which can be controlled by 4000-5000 times of 2% avermectin, 1500-2500 times of 20% sulfamethoxazole and 2000-3000 times of mimetidine. The disease in rootstock nursery is not serious, but it is not necessary to control it. For fast-growing plants with a height of more than 60 cm, they can be slightly coring to promote thicker growth.

In that year, the growth of grafted seedlings is relatively prosperous, generally speaking, nitrogen fertilizer will no longer be applied after August, but potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied on the leaf surface every time the pesticide is sprayed to control diseases and insect pests, and the spraying concentration is 0.2-0.3%. After the height of the seedling reaches 1-1.2 meters, it is moderately coring to promote thickening growth.

Second, the output should be carefully managed in the fruit period.

Jujube cultivation in our province is mainly distributed in Fuping, Xingtang, Zanhuang, Neiqiu and Wu'an in the western Taihang Mountains, while Jinsi jujube is mainly distributed in Cangxian, Xianxian and Qingxian counties of Cangzhou. Fresh food varieties are mainly distributed in Huanghua, Yanshan, Gaocheng, Gaoyi and other counties. The rainy season is also an important period for jujube management. According to the experience of previous years, the following work should be done for jujube trees in fruiting period:

1. Rational fertilization: at the beginning of August, jujube trees with normal growth and fruit were not applied nitrogen fertilizer, properly topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and general plants were applied 0.3-0.5 kg diammonium phosphate. Jujube trees with many fruits and weak growth could be applied more appropriately. Compared with other jujube varieties, the amount of fertilizer application of winter jujube should be slightly larger. At the same time, combined with spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer or fruit king, leaf bully, Aiduoshou and other multi-element foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times to promote the rapid increase of young fruit.

2. Timely summer pruning: jujube is a very light-loving plant. Poor light will bring serious consequences such as excessive growth of trees, aggravation of fruit drop and high incidence of diseases and insect pests. In the middle of August, excessive dense branches, overgrown branches, disease and insect branches and weak branches should be removed in time, except for the jujube head which is responsible for expanding the crown, all the jujube heads should be properly removed, so as to improve the light conditions and nutrient distribution of the tree, and promote the accelerated growth of fruit.

3. Scientific prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: hot and humid weather has created favorable conditions for the occurrence of many kinds of diseases and insect pests. August is jujube rotten fruit disease, jujube rust, anthracnose, fruit shrinkage, peach heart borer, red spider, green blind bugs, jujube armyworm damage peak period, according to different major diseases and insect pests, we should add 1500 times solution to prevent jujube rust and red spider. Jujube fruit rot can be controlled by 400-fold solution and Wangtong 400-500-fold solution, jujube anthracnose can be controlled by anthrax 500-600 times, jujube fruit-shrinking disease can be controlled by 600-800-fold solution of Suanguoling 1, 100-140 international units / ml of agricultural streptomycin and 200 international units / ml of agricultural oxytetracycline. Red spiders in jujube orchard can use 2000-fold solution, 2000-fold solution and avermectin 4000-5000 times liquid to control Lepidoptera pests, such as heart-eating insects, jujube armyworm and other Lepidoptera pests.-fold solution, Taoxiaoling 2000-fold solution, kung fu boy 2000-3000 times solution. The effect of control can be effectively improved by adding developing agents, such as chlorhexidine, cellulose, soybean milk and so on.

For the varieties with heavy fruit drop, such as Jinsi jujube, 30ppm jujube Fengling No. 2 and 20ppm jujube Fengling No. 2 can be sprayed once in the first ten days of August or 20ppm jujube Fengling No. 2 in the first ten days of August, or 15ppm on August 10th, 20ppm after 7-10 days and 15ppm in early September, which has a significant effect on preventing fruit drop before harvest.

4. Intertillage weeding: weeds that grow vigorously not only compete with jujube trees for fertilizer and water, but also the intermediate hosts of diseases and insect pests, so it is necessary to carry out intermediate ploughing weeding in time, and herbicides such as glyphosate and paraquat can also be used (these two herbicides are extinct, be careful not to spray on jujube trees). Weeds removed can be turned over and pressed with green manure or covered with tree plates. Ploughing or tree plate hoing should be carried out in time after rain to prevent surface hardening, improve soil permeability and maintain soil moisture.

5. Drainage and drought prevention: most of the rainfall in our province is concentrated in the rainy season. Mountain orchards should repair fish-scale pits, cisterns and other catchment facilities in order to save Rain Water and prevent autumn drought. The jujube garden in the plain should dredge the drainage ditch of the jujube garden and remove stagnant water in time in case of continuous rainfall to prevent waterlogging.