Measures of increasing production and improving quality by planting Peach trees in greenhouse

Because of the early fruit ripening, making up for the low season of fruit market and high price, shed peach cultivation has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are also some problems such as low fruit setting rate, low yield and quality decline, which need to be solved urgently. Through continuous exploration in production, we summarize the following management measures for your reference.

1. Selection of fine varieties: The quality of varieties and the correctness of selection are directly related to the success and failure of shed peach cultivation, so it is necessary to select peach trees with good quality into the shed to avoid unnecessary losses. Through observation and evaluation in recent years, it is preliminarily proposed that the following varieties can be cultivated in protected areas. 1. Nectarine varieties are: Ruiguang 1, 3, 5, Zaohongzhu, Ruby, Shuguang, Huaguang, Yanguang, Wuyuehuo, Zaomeiguang, Zaohongxia, Danmo, Zaohong 2 and other sweet nectarine varieties;2. Common peach varieties: Annong Shuimi, Zaoxialu, Yuhualu, Qingfeng, Jingchun, Beijing 2, Xiahui 1, Chunfeng, Chunyan, Chunhua, Bushuzaosheng, Shazaosheng and so on;3. Flat peach varieties: Early dew flat peach, new red early flat peach, early yellow flat peach, etc., are ideal varieties for protected cultivation. Their commonalities are weak dryness, fast growth, easy flowering, early maturity, large fruit, beautiful shape, excellent quality and good storage and transportation.

When selecting varieties, we should also consider that the cold demand of varieties should be less, and try to select varieties with large pollen amount and high self-pollination and fruit setting rate, and pay attention to configuring 2-3 pollinated varieties with similar flowering period.

II. Temperature management:

Only temperature management can ensure flower quality and promote fruit setting and fruit development. The temperature rise must be carried out after the cooling requirement of the peach tree is met.

1. Start warming up-before flowering. The temperature rise rate during this period should be slow, and the temperature should not be too high, otherwise the germination will be irregular. It is advisable to use 18-20℃ during the day and 5-7℃ at night, which should not be lower than 5℃.

2. florescence. The temperature should not be lower than 6℃ at night, above 15℃ during the day, and the highest temperature should not exceed 25℃. Too low temperature will affect the growth of pollen tubes. In case of rainy days or low temperatures, attention should be paid to heating. At this time, we should also pay attention to the indoor air humidity, 50%-60% is appropriate, when the soil should be sprayed to increase humidity, humidity is too low, stigma is too dry, pollen tube can not germinate; too large should pay attention to ventilation and humidity.

3. Fruit expansion stage. The temperature is higher during this period. Low temperature, poor fruit expansion, many small fruits. Therefore, the night temperature should not be lower than 12℃, and the daytime temperature should be 25-27℃. At the late stage of fruit expansion, the temperature should be 28℃ in the daytime and 15-17℃ at night.

III. Fertilizer and water management:

Base fertilizer can be applied to high-quality high-decomposed manure per mu after autumn defoliation. Topdressing is usually done 3 times a year, respectively before flowering, hard core stage and fruit coloring stage. In the growth period, 0.3% urea can be sprayed 2-3 times in combination with pest control, and 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 2 times.

Watering can be carried out after each topdressing, and then winter water should be poured before freezing. Irrigation should be carried out frequently with small water, that is, the amount of watering should not be too large each time, and the frequency can be increased appropriately. In the fruit coloring stage, irrigation must be controlled to prevent fruit cracking, and the soil moisture content should be controlled at 50%-60%. Watering time should be selected sunny morning, when the water temperature and ground temperature close, will not cause significant cooling.

IV. Fine flower and fruit management:

1. Thinning flowers. It is best to carry out in the bud stage, to be light sparse, only sparse except for over-dense floret buds;2. Pollinate. There are no insects in the greenhouse, and there is no ventilation. Artificial pollination or bees in the greenhouse must be done well to ensure the fruit setting rate;3. Fruit thinning. Generally, it is completed in three times, that is, the first rough thinning when the peach fruit is the size of corn grain 3 weeks after full flowering; 4 weeks after flowering, it is combined with fruit, abnormal fruit, small fruit, developmental atrophic fruit, etc., and appropriate fruit quantity is retained.

V. Coloring management:

1. Bagging. After fruit setting, the main function is to prevent diseases and insect pests and fruit surface pollution, reduce the content of chlorophyll in the pericarp, induce anthocyanin formation, and improve the coloring speed and coloring degree. In addition to the bag period, according to the background color of the fruit, the weather of the coloring period and the type of bag, it is generally carried out 10 days before harvest, if it is cloudy, it should be carried out earlier. Because the growth period of upper and lower fruits is not consistent, the lower branches should be 2 days late to remove bags.

2. Thinning branches and hanging branches. Greenhouse high temperature and high humidity, excessive long branches, affecting the lower part of the light, usually 2 weeks before harvest, sparse branches and dense branches. The drooping fruiting branches are hung on the arch frame or middle column with ropes, but the height of the hanging branches is at least 40-50 cm from the top of the shed to prevent sunburn.

3. Silver reflective coating. Silver reflective film under canopy or on north wall of greenhouse can make full use of scattered light, diffuse light and reflected light to promote fruit coloring in canopy and middle and lower parts.

4. Leaf picking. 3-4 shading leaves can be removed around the fruit 10 days before harvest. But can not turn fruit, otherwise it will cause damage to the fruit surface around the fruit stalk or fruit shedding;

5. Remove the film. 10 days before harvest, if it is not cloudy and rainy, the film should be gradually removed, which can increase the light and improve the fruit quality by using the characteristics of large outdoor temperature difference.

6. Spray rare earth. It has been reported that rare earths sprayed at a concentration of 500 mg/L during flowering and fruit expansion can increase the sugar content and soluble solids content of fruits and increase the number of fruits.

VI. Carbon dioxide supplementation:

Carbon dioxide is an important raw material for crop photosynthesis. Because the greenhouse is in a semi-closed state, its composition is very different from that in nature. The carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is (80-200) ×10-6, while that in nature is 340×10-6. Carbon dioxide is seriously deficient. Peach trees are affected by photosynthesis due to armor, resulting in reduced yield and tasteless fruits. Therefore, carbon dioxide content must be supplemented. The methods easy to operate in production are: 1. Increase the application of organic fertilizer. 50- 75kg crop straws are applied to each plant and buried in soil, and the average carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is (600-800)* 10-6 within one month;2. ventilation openings are arranged. Open a tuyere 1 meter south of the facility to exchange atmospheric carbon dioxide;3. Apply solid carbon dioxide. During the critical period of peach tree development, 17-20 kg per mu is used for the urgent need of peach trees;4. Carbon dioxide is generated by burning olefin liquid petroleum, white kerosene, etc. or sulfuric acid with appropriate concentration reacts with carbonate to generate carbon dioxide;5. Mushroom cultivation. Mushrooms are grown in idle places in greenhouses. Due to microbial activities, carbon dioxide can be produced, and at the same time, the income of fruit growers can be increased.

VII. Pest control:

Because of the isolation of peach trees from the outside world, diseases and insect pests are lighter than those cultivated in field. Aphids, red spiders, peach brown rot, gray mold and bacterial perforation were the main diseases and insect pests. Generally, 5°be stone sulfur mixture or 500 times solution of Guoshukang is sprayed once before the shed is buckled, and 20% methomyl 1500 times + metributin 3000 times +50% mancozeb 800 times solution is sprayed again after the flower falls. After that, the pesticide and fungicide are sprayed for 2-3 times according to the occurrence of pests and diseases. In order to prevent humidity from increasing, fumigants can also be used to prevent pests, such as Mieapiling smoke agent, Qingfeng No.2 smoke agent, gray mold No.2 smoke agent, etc.