Six Key Points of Autumn Management for Planting Peach Trees

1. Pruning in time. The original producing area of peach has the characteristics of high altitude and strong light, which forms the characteristics of peach light. In addition, the branches of peach trees can have many lengthening growth, peaks and secondary shoots, so timely pruning in autumn is more important than other tree species to create good ventilation and light transmission conditions. ① sparse. Remove over-density, thin and weak branches, disease and insect branches, erect useless branches and long leafless branches in time. ② pull. For the upright peach trees with more prosperous growth, the methods of pulling, hanging and supporting branches are adopted to increase the angle of the main branches and ease the tree potential. ③ twist. The competitive branches and the upright branches with space reservation can be sprained or pressed, and the strong branches or branches in the upper part of the crown can be sprained or pressed to control their growth, promote flower bud differentiation and make use of their results. Should be careful when twisting, from the base can be twisted 180 degrees, but not twisted off, so that its upward growth into lateral growth. ④ shrinks. The overlapping branches, cross branches and old and weak branches in the crown could be cut back, and the middle and long branches which had been fruited at the apex could be retracted in time, leaving three reserve branches at the base to promote robust growth and fruit. ⑤ pick. In order to enrich and aging the branches, the late autumn shoots should be plucked.

2. Drought prevention and drainage. The experiment shows that the peach can grow normally when the soil water holding capacity is 20-40%, but it will wilt when it is less than 15%. Although peach is a drought-tolerant tree species, water supply must be ensured in time in each growth stage in order to obtain high yield and high quality. In the north where there is little rain, if the autumn drought lasts for a long time, we should try to replenish water, which is especially important for middle and late maturing varieties.

Peach trees avoid waterlogging, in rainy autumn, we should pay special attention to the rainy season combined with ploughing and weeding to arrange the tree plate into high inside and low outside to prevent stagnant water at the root neck, resulting in root and neck diseases. For the low-lying Taoyuan, we should dig a good drainage ditch, timely drainage to avoid future trouble. The method that fruit growers cultivate soil at the root neck of peach trees to prevent waterlogging should be popularized. The broad masses of fruit growers in the northern fruit area sum up a shallow harvest after light rain and a deep hoe after heavy rain, which plays a great role in drought prevention and drainage and should be vigorously popularized.

3. Disease and pest control. Protecting peach leaves and branches from diseases and insect pests in autumn can improve photosynthetic efficiency and reserve nutrition, which has a great impact on the yield and quality of late-maturing fruit in the same year, as well as on the flowers and fruits of other peach trees in the coming year. In autumn, imidacloprid, thiazuron 3, Lesben and other insecticides are available for peach tree disease and pest control, and fungicides include polyantimycin, Yibao, Dasheng, methyl topiramate and so on. For example, leaf spraying with 500 times of polyantimycin + 2000 times of thiazuron 3 can play a good role in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, reducing leaf early fall, branch damage and enhancing photosynthate. For trees with gum disease, scrape off the spots and warped skin, and then apply raw gypsum powder to the glue; you can also smear the affected area with methyl thiophanate wettable powder plus the same amount of plant ash or edible vinegar.

4. Apply base fertilizer in autumn. The practice shows that the application of base fertilizer in autumn blossoms earlier and the fruit setting rate is higher than that in spring. Base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer and add appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer; chemical fertilizer should be mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and add appropriate amount of trace elements. The amount of base fertilizer should account for 60% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year. Based on the fruit yield and the main growth of the tree, the adult trees need about 200 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.7 kg of available nitrogen, 0.5 kg of phosphorus and 1.0 kg of potassium for every 100 kg of peach fruit. Newly planted young trees should focus on organic fertilizer, little or no nitrogen fertilizer, fertilization is not to stimulate the growth of young trees as the criterion. As far as varieties are concerned, early-maturing varieties can apply less nitrogen, while varieties with strong upright nature are easy to be strong and weak and should apply less nitrogen. Old trees and weak trees should appropriately increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The best time to apply base fertilizer in autumn is around September, and it can also be combined with autumn ploughing before and after defoliation. The method of fertilization should be radial ditch or annular ditch, and the depth should reach the main root distribution layer. When the root system of the dry land in the mountain area is shallow, it is applied at the depth of 20ml / 40cm, and the soil in the plain is thickened at the depth of 30m / 50cm. When fertilizing and digging the pit, the topsoil and core soil should be placed separately, the fertilizer and topsoil should be mixed evenly into the bottom of the pit, and the old soil should be on the surface. After fruit harvest in recent years, experienced fruit growers have achieved remarkable results by spraying 4 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a concentration of 0.3 Mel 0.5% in 15 days when the trees with large fruit spacing are sprayed with 2 Mel.

5. Pour enough frozen water. In order to ensure the water supply of peach trees during the overwintering period, frozen water should be irrigated once from late October to mid-late November after applying base fertilizer in autumn, and the water should be soaked through the dry soil layer. If the autumn rain is more, the soil moisture is good, and the stickier soil can be irrigated lightly or free of irrigation. after irrigation, the soil moisture should be loosened in time to prevent freezing.

6. Ploughing in autumn to cultivate soil. Rain Water only weeds but does not loosen the soil in autumn in the northern dry plateau. Before and after defoliation, base fertilizer was applied and irrigation was carried out to loosen the soil. Depth of about 25 cm, near the dry week should be shallow, about 10 cm, in order not to hurt the thick root for the degree, gradually deepening from the inside to the outside. The soil around the trunk should be properly cultivated during autumn ploughing to protect the root neck from overwintering and reduce frost damage. To protect the root neck of peach trees, not to make the periphery of the trunk low-lying, to prevent stagnant water in the roots from getting sick and suffering are important measures to ensure the healthy growth, high yield and high quality and stable yield of peach trees.