How to plant peach trees in facilities

I. Variety selection

Nectarine and hairy peach varieties suitable for facility cultivation mainly include Shuguang (Huaguang, Yanguang), Zaohong 2, Weifang sweet nectarine, Annong Shuimi, Chunyan, Qingyan 1, Zaolu flat peach, Yuhua dew, sand Zaosheng and so on. The rootstock is Mao peach rootstock or winter snow peach.

II. Establishment of a garden

1. Garden site selection and soil improvement (1) Garden site selection should first of all be convenient in transportation and conducive to market circulation, preferably close to traffic trunk lines, large and medium-sized cities, factories and mining enterprises; tall buildings or trees with high terrain, no stagnant water, groundwater level not higher than 80cm ~ 100cm in rainy season, leeward to the sun and no shade around; convenient for drainage and irrigation The soil type is loose sandy loam or loam, and there is no need for continuous cropping of saline-alkali land and clayey soil. (2) soil improvement can improve the viscous heavy or sandy soil by mixing sand or sticky soil to break the underground impervious sticky plate layer and silt layer. The key point of improvement is to increase the application of organic fertilizer, combined with deep ploughing of soil, applying high-quality rotten barnyard manure 6000 kg ~ 8000 kg or rotten chicken manure 3000 kg ~ 4000 kg per mu, which contains comprehensive and reasonable nutrients. More importantly, it can improve soil structure, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and form a coordinated water, fertilizer, air and heat environment, which is beneficial to the occurrence of fruit tree roots, especially absorbing roots. And the extensive use of organic fertilizer can enhance the buffering capacity of soil and prevent the occurrence of soil salinization.

2. Planting density, plant spacing 1 m × 2 m is suitable.

3. Planting mode ridging planting. Using 1-year-old fast-growing seedlings. Dig a planting ditch with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.5 meters. The soil should be properly deepened when the soil is consolidated, and the topsoil and the subsoil should be separated. When backfilling, the topsoil and enough mature organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be mixed together, and then fill the subsoil when 20 cm ~ 30 cm from the ground to prevent fertilizer from burning roots. The seedlings should be planted shallowly, irrigated after planting, covered with soil and ridged 1 ~ 2 days after water infiltration. After planting, the dry height is 30 cm ~ 40 cm, low in the south and high in the north.

Third, promote growth and flowers

"pre-promotion and post-control" is the technical key to the "Sandang" of peach trees, that is, planting, plastic shed and high yield of peach trees in that year. "pre-promotion" means promoting growth in the early stage, and all management measures before July 15 are aimed at promoting vegetative growth and rapidly expanding the crown; "post-control" means promoting flowers in the later stage, and all management measures after July 15 are aimed at controlling tree potential and promoting flower bud differentiation.

1. Measures for promoting growth (1) when the new tip of fertilizer and water management grows to 15 cm ~ 20 cm, quick-acting fertilizer is applied, underground topdressing and foliar spraying are carried out alternately, and underground topdressing is usually 40 ~ 50 grams of urea per plant. Foliar spraying is 0.3% urea and 0.4% 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, once every 10 ~ 15 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row, combined with watering during topdressing, and watering depending on the soil moisture condition. (2) coring to promote shaping to cultivate the happy shape of multiple main branches. In the middle and last ten days of May, 4 ~ 6 new shoots with good growth and angle were selected and cultured into reserve shoots, and the rest of the new shoots were erased. In the first and middle of June, when the new shoot grows to about 40 cm, pick the heart (cut off the top 10 cm ~ 20 cm), promote two branches, increase the number of branches and expand the crown.

2, flower promotion measures (1) Fertilizer and water management after mid-July, stop underground topdressing, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row, if the soil moisture is good, generally do not water, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season. (2) PP333 promoted flowers from mid to late July to early August, sprayed 15%pp333200 solution ~ 400x once every 10 ~ 15 days, and sprayed 2 ~ 3 times in succession, which could effectively inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. (3) pruning in summer in the middle of July, 3 ~ 4 reserve branches were selected to cultivate permanent main branches, which were pulled into an angle of 60 ~ 70 degrees, and the rest of the reserve branches were flattened as auxiliary branches. The upright top on the main branch is controlled by twisting and smoothing the branch in time, and thinned when it is too dense.

IV. Selection of facility types

The types of facilities suitable for peach tree cultivation include plastic greenhouse (for promoting cultivation in winter) or plastic greenhouse (for early spring or delayed autumn cultivation). Different types of facilities can be selected according to the actual situation.

5. Management before withholding shed

1. In the year of fertilizer and water management and planting, on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, organic fertilizer will no longer be applied in autumn, but trees that have borne fruit should apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer once from mid-September to mid-October. The application rate is 1000 kg per mu of rotten chicken manure or 2000 kg ~ 3000 kg of barnyard manure and 65 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. The whole garden was covered with plastic film from 20 to 30 days before withholding the shed.

2. The winter shearing before buckling shed further adjusts the tree structure to remove non-flowering vegetative branches, disease and insect branches, over-dense branches, overlapping branches and extended head competitive branches. The amount of thinning branches should be less than 10% of the total branches, so as not to destroy the growth balance between the ground and the ground. When pruning long branches, the remaining branches are generally not short, except for the extension of the main branches.