Long shoot pruning technique of planting peach trees and its application

The long shoot pruning technique is a pruning technique which basically does not use short cutting, but only uses thinning, retraction and long extension. Because it is basically not short, the length of the pruned one-year-old branch is longer, and the average length of the fruiting branch is generally 50-60 cm. Long shoot pruning technology has been widely used because of its advantages such as simple operation, saving pruning labor, good light in the crown, good fruit quality, maintaining the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and easy tree renewal. The technique of long shoot pruning can be applied to the following three aspects.

1. For varieties dominated by long fruit branches, for varieties dominated by long fruit branches, remove the extra thin fruiting branches, strong competitive branches and overgrown branches at the tip of the backbone branches, and systematically select some strong or moderate fruiting branches to slow down or gently cut, and then use fruit pressure to promote the robust growth of the middle and rear branches of the backbone branches to achieve "front fruiting, rear long branches, front not thriving." The three-dimensional result of "post-strong". Such varieties include Okubo, snow, rain and dew and so on.

2. The varieties applied to medium and short fruit branches first use long fruit branches to promote the growth of medium and short fruit branches, and then use medium and short fruit branches to bear fruit. Such as Shenzhou peach, Fengbai, Cangfang Zaosheng, Annong water honey and other varieties.

3. The varieties which are easy to crack fruit use long shoot pruning to bear fruit in the middle and upper part of the long fruit branch. when the fruit grows up, the branch will bend and sag, then the fruit growth rate will be relaxed and the fruit cracking will be reduced. The suitable varieties are Huaguang, Ruiguang 3, Fengbai and so on.

4. Apply the principle of long shoot pruning or thinning

(1) the branch retention density retains one fruiting branch every 15cm to 20cm, and the distance between the ipsilateral branches is more than 40cm. If the planting density of adult trees is 3 m × 5 m or 4 m × 6 m, the average number of long fruit branches per tree is between 150 and 200.

(2) it is more appropriate to retain one-year-old branches with a length of 40 cm to 70 cm. For the northern variety group, the fruit is mainly medium and short fruit branches, and the number of long fruit branches should be reduced, and more medium and short fruit branches should be retained.

(3) the planting angle of the retained annual branch on the backbone branch is suitable for the tree erect variety, the oblique or horizontal branch is suitable. For the open type varieties, the oblique upper branches were mainly retained. For young trees (especially upright trees), it is appropriate to leave more horizontal and dorsal branches.

(4) the weight of the regeneration fruit and leaves of the fruiting branch group can make the annual branch bend and droop, and grow a robust regeneration branch from the base, and when cutting in winter, the fruiting mother branch will be retracted to the base robust branch to renew. If a regeneration branch has grown near the fruiting branch group on the backbone branch, all the fruiting branch group will be updated and the fruiting branch group will be replaced by the renewal branch on the backbone branch.

When using long shoot pruning, summer pruning should also be carried out in time to remove overdense branches and overgrown branches. In addition, the new shoots on the perennial branches of the inner chamber were coring to realize the renewal and rejuvenation of the inner bore branch group. At the same time, after long shoot pruning, flowers and fruits should also be thinned and the load should be adjusted in time, which is the premise of obtaining high quality fruit and branch renewal.