Pay attention to the growing and pruning of peach trees

Peach tree long pruning is a new peach tree pruning technique popularized and applied in recent years, which is mainly sparse pruning and long pruning, but rarely short. By using this technique, the tree can be straight and strong, with early fruit, good quality and high yield. However, in the practical application, peach farmers do not grasp the essentials of the technology well and fail to achieve the ideal results. For this reason, we summarize the problems existing in production and put forward some countermeasures combined with practice for reference.

First, pruning the main branches

1. The selection of the main branch is incorrect. In the happy tree shape of two or three main branches, the main branches selected on the trunk are opposite or too close to each other, and the main branches are easy to split as a result. Countermeasure: the main branches selected on the trunk should be adjacent to each other, with a spacing of 15cm to 20cm.

two。 The angle of the main branch is larger. After the main branch angle was too high, the main branch sagged, the fruit quality decreased, and the field operation was difficult. Countermeasures: the angle of the main branch should be small, not large, and the meristem angle should be 40-45 degrees, so as to quickly occupy the high-level space and increase the number of branches.

3. The elongated head of the main branch is trimmed too lightly. In the annual winter pruning, the main branch is too light, resulting in longer main branch, smaller sharpening degree, opening and drooping of the main branch after a large number of fruit hanging, which can not achieve the purpose of three-dimensional results: first, during the shaping period, the elongated head of the main branch should be cut short at the full bud; second, for the adult trees whose main branches have opened and the angle becomes larger, hanging branches and supporting branches should be carried out to maintain a straight and robust tree shape.

Second, side branch equipment

1. The side branches are equipped too close to form a neck jam, which makes the main branches thin and weak. Countermeasure: the side branches on the main branches are required to be spaced 60-80 cm apart, and the first side branches on each main branch should be arranged in a forward direction. At the same time, the distance between the first side branch and the trunk is 600.80cm, the second side branch is 6070cm opposite the first side branch, and the third side branch is 5060cm away from the second side branch.

two。 The selected side branches are in the wrong position, disturbing the shape of the tree. Countermeasure: the lateral branch on the main branch should choose the main branch to prolong the lateral downward growth of the 3rd and 4th buds below the head.

3. There are no lateral branches on the main branch. Countermeasures: appropriate measures should be taken to retract, restrain the front and promote the back, promote the growth of the posterior accessory shoots, and use the strong branches with good orientation as lateral branches to increase the fruiting position.

3. Pruning of fruiting branches

1. As a result, the branches were selected improperly, there were too many branches, and the trees were closed. Countermeasures: winter cutting will be more than 60 cm in length of fruit branches, disease and insect branches all sparse, leaving a length of about 30 cm of robust branches. On the backbone branch and large branch group, one fruit branch is retained every 15-20 cm, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5 cm. The number of branches retained in the whole tree is 50% to 60% of that of the traditional pruning method, and the number of branches per mu is about 5000. Oblique branches and horizontal branches are mainly retained.

two。 The fruiting branch group is too large, and it is difficult for the fruiting branch to renew. Countermeasure: the length of the fruiting branch group should be less than 1 cm, the apex should be cultured in the shape of acute triangle and renewed every 3 ~ 4 years, and the fruiting branch should be pressed with fruit. Promote the sprouting of 1-2 strong branches at the base and culture them as regeneration branches.

IV. Thinning of overgrown branches

Most of the overgrown branches growing upright on the inner chamber or the main branch were removed completely, although the ventilation and light transmission conditions were improved, but they were too heavy, many leaves with high efficiency of photosynthesis were lost, and the production and accumulation of nutrients were reduced. at the same time, high temperature is easy to sunburn the bark on the back of backbone branches in summer. Countermeasures: first, retain a small number of long branches and cultivate into fruiting branches group; second, the renewal of the main and side branches of aging trees can be retracted year by year or replaced at one time by using large overgrown branches; third, the main and lateral branches are too low and the growth potential is weak, which can be used to raise the angle of growing branches.