Management of pomegranate trees in late autumn and early winter

First, fertilize. Proper application of human feces and urine after fruit harvest in autumn is beneficial to the accumulation of tree nutrients. The fertilization method is to dig a circular fertilization ditch with a depth of 30cm to 50cm and a width of about 40cm on the outer edge of the crown, or take the trunk of the fruit tree as the center, dig a radial fertilizer hole 30cm deep and 20cm wide around the outer edge of the fruit tree, and dig the ditch on the same day. Fertilize on the same day. The amount of fertilizer application should be determined according to tree position, tree age, soil fertility and current year's yield. In autumn, attention should be paid to foliar topdressing, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the total concentration of fertilizer solution should not exceed 0.3%. Extra-root topdressing can also be sprayed with biogas liquid or rotten manure.

Second, shaping and pruning. Pomegranate tree shape is random, generally evenly equipped with 4-7 main branches, one main branch with 2-3 side branches. Young trees should be cut and let loose, mainly to cultivate backbone branches, so as to achieve the goal of early formation and early fruit. In the full fruit period, the branching force is strong, it is easy to close, the prosperous trees should be more sparse and less cut, and the weak trees should be properly cut short to promote branching.

Third, the pomegranate garden is deeply turned over. In order to eliminate the overwintering diseases and pests in the pomegranate garden, regardless of the size of the area and the number of pomegranate trees, a thorough deep digging should be carried out before the beginning of winter. The litter, weeds and pruned branches under the fruit trees, especially disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, dead buds and stiff fruits, are all cleared out of the garden, and concentrated burning or composting fertilizer can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the following year. After clearing the garden, it is necessary to turn more than 20 centimeters deep to destroy the habitat and overwintering environment of diseases and pests, and expose the overwintering germs and pests in the soil to freeze to death at low temperatures.

Fourth, cultivate soil to guard against cold. Before freezing the soil after winter shearing, it is necessary to cultivate the pomegranate root neck with a thickness of about 20 cm, or a semicircular mound on the north side of the root neck, 30 cm to 50 cm high. It is required that the soil should be moist and loose, and the soil should be taken at a certain distance from the root to prevent root injury.

Fifth, timely winter irrigation. The time of winter irrigation in pomegranate orchard is generally appropriate when the average soil temperature of 5 cm soil layer is stable at 5 ℃. At this time, even if the night temperature drops below 0 ℃, the freezing phenomenon occurs, but it can still be thawed after the temperature rises in the daytime. Winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is still relatively high, evaporation is large, which is not conducive to water storage and moisture conservation, reducing the cold resistance and anti-freezing ability of pomegranate. Too late, because the temperature is too low, the soil is hardened, the water can not seep down, the stagnant water is frozen, and the root system is vulnerable to freezing damage. The amount of irrigation is that on the same day after irrigation, all the water seeps into the ground and seeps into the root distribution layer, that is, the juvenile fruit trees are 20-30 cm, the adult fruit trees are 70-100 cm, and the soil moisture is kept at 60%-80% of the maximum field capacity. After winter irrigation, it is necessary to loosen the soil and preserve soil moisture in time to prevent soil consolidation.

Sixth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. 1. Prevention and control of diseases. The main diseases of pomegranate are dry rot, brown spot, hemp skin disease and so on. In late autumn and early winter, cut off the stiff fruit and withered diseased branches from the tree in time, and burn them centrally to reduce the source of the disease. two。 Pest control. Pomegranate pests mainly include aphids, peach borer, red spiders and heart-eating insects, and comprehensive control measures can be taken against the above pests. After picking the fruit, remove the old warped skin from the tree, and plug the tree hole with 1:1 clay and 50% phoxim synthetic mud, smear the trunk cracks to minimize the base number of overwintering pests.