Greenhouse cultivation experience of planting Cherry

Editor's note recently, many readers have consulted about cherry cultivation in greenhouse through our Science and Technology 110 hotline. For this reason, the editorial department of this edition specially organizes editions on greenhouse construction, temperature, humidity and water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, and pest control in greenhouse cherry cultivation for readers' reference.

Greenhouse structure and variety selection

First, the structure of solar greenhouse should be sheltered from the wind to the sun, sufficient water sources, flat terrain, sandy loam or loam, and places far away from pollution sources to build solar greenhouse. The solar greenhouse has a span of 7.5 to 9 meters and a ridge height of 2.9 to 3.3 meters. The arch beam can be made of materials such as bamboo or steel bar. The east-west gables and rear walls are double hollow brick walls with a thickness of 50 centimeters. The rear walls are 180 centimeters high and the greenhouse is 50 centimeters long. Its lighting, heat preservation, compression and other properties are very good, bamboo structure cost is low, steel structure cost is high, but the firmness is good, the service life is more than 10 years, which is the development direction in the future.

Second, cherry varieties are suitable for cultivation in solar greenhouse. Early-maturing cherry varieties are better. Only in this way can they mature earlier and improve economic benefits. The varieties that perform better in cultivation are red lights.

Shaping and pruning

First, plastic surgery (1) Natural happy shape. The whole tree has 2-4 main branches with an opening angle of about 40 °. Each main branch is equipped with 2-3 layers of lateral branches with an interval of 30 cm. There are various types of fruiting branch groups on the lateral branches. (2) Natural spindle shape. The dry height is 40-60 cm, and the central trunk is equipped with 6-10 uniaxial elongated main branches, which bear a large number of fruiting branches. When pruning, you should drop your head in time to control the height of the tree. During plastic surgery, 50 cm of fixed stem was left in the same year. After setting the stem, the long branches with strong growth and good orientation were selected as the main branches, which were pulled into a horizontal angle in the growing season. In the second year, the central stem was extended and the branch was cut short by 40cm to 60cm. When cutting in winter, the competitive branches and upper dorsal branches should be thinned or cut short, and the rest of the oblique branches and moderate branches can be gently or gently cut. In the third year, 50 cm coring was left on the central stem, and the growing season continued to open at an angle, while the upper dorsal branches and long shoots of the inner chamber were coring and cultivated into fruiting branches.

Pruning (1) pruning during the growing period. It was mainly carried out during the period of shoot growth and after fruit harvest. The former is mainly to restrain the growth of new shoots, promote branching, and can be carried out many times. The pruning after fruit harvest is mainly thinning and dense branches. The biennial branches are truncated at the axillary buds and then removed from the base after fruiting. (2) pruning during the dormant period. Young trees should be cut short in order to promote branching, increase bouquet-like fruit branches and leaf branches, and retract properly after fruiting, so as to maintain tree growth and improve fruiting ability.

Pest control

First, the perforated leaves appeared purple-brown spots at the initial stage, but the disease spots dried up and fell off in the later stage, resulting in leaf perforation and early defoliation in severe cases. Strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, strengthening the tree potential, improving the ability of disease resistance, cutting off diseased branches and eliminating diseased leaves are the foundation of prevention and treatment of this disease. After falling flowers to before harvest, spray 65% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times 600 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid, or spray zinc sulfate lime solution for prevention and control. Spray Bordeaux solution after fruit picking.

Second, the gum disease mainly occurs on the branches, especially in the bifurcations. Generally, the disease begins after harvest and aggravates with the increase of rainfall. It is often caused by freezing injury, insect pest and mechanical damage. Therefore, the most important thing to prevent and cure the disease is to protect the tree. Apply white on tree trunks and branches before winter to prevent frost injury, control stem borer, eliminate mechanical damage and so on. Scrape the branches with gum disease in time, and apply thinner to prevent and control it to prevent it from spreading.

Third, the red-necked longicorn beetle is an important pest that harms the branches. The main control methods are as follows: (1) during the occurrence of adults, the adults are captured manually. (2) before the adults lay eggs, apply the whitening agent (10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur and 40 parts of water) on the trunk and side branches to prevent spawning. (3) wormholes are found when scraping, and the larvae that are harmful to the phloem are stabbed or hooked out with needles or wire. (4) for the larvae injected into the xylem, 100 times the dichlorvos solution can be injected into the wormhole, or a tablet of aluminum phosphide 4 can be used to plug the hole, and then seal the hole with plastic film or mud, and then fumigate the larvae in the hole.

Soil fertilizer and water management

Cherry belongs to shallow root tree species, and the root system is breathing vigorously, so it is necessary to meet the requirements of water, fertilizer, gas and heat for root growth as far as possible. Each growing season should be ploughed for 4 to 5 times, with a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm. Shallow ploughing should be carried out after harvest to promote root regeneration and growth. The application of base fertilizer should be carried out in late summer or early autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, plus appropriate amount of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer. Topdressing for 2-3 times in the growing season, and long-term topdressing before and after flowering, 0.5 kg of urea or 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per plant. After fruit harvest, 0.5 kg of urea or 1 kg of superphosphate and 50 g of borax can be applied to each plant, followed by watering to promote flower bud formation and supplement nutrition, as well as 2 or 3 times of foliar fertilization. In addition to the combination of base fertilizer in autumn, topdressing before and after flowering and secondary topdressing after harvest, it is also necessary to irrigate once permeable water during the fruit expansion period and once frozen water before freezing.

Temperature and humidity control

First, the temperature control mainly depends on the switch ventilation window, the operation door and the uncover grass to control. Mulching plastic film in greenhouse can increase the ground temperature by 2 ℃ ~ 3 ℃. From plastic film mulching to germination, the temperature was kept at 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ in daytime and 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ at night, 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ in daytime and 6 ℃ ~ 7 ℃ at night from germination to flowering, 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃ in daytime, never more than 25 ℃ in full bloom, 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃ in daytime and 7 ℃ ~ 8 ℃ at night during flowering. During the fruit expansion period, the daytime temperature was kept at 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and the night temperature was kept at 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃. After that, the daytime temperature was kept at 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ and the night temperature was kept at 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃.

Second, the humidity control from plastic film mulching to pre-germination, the air relative humidity is controlled at about 80%. Too low humidity, irregular flowering, vulnerable to high temperature; high humidity is disadvantageous to pollen and germination, and easy to get sick. The relative humidity of the florescence is maintained at 40%-60%, the humidity is too low, and the stigma is easy to dry, affecting fruit setting. The humidity during the fruit expansion period was controlled at 60%. The humidity is controlled at about 50% from coloring period to mature stage. Soil moisture can be adjusted by irrigation, fruit expansion period requires more water, but this period should be small water irrigation, each irrigation 10-15 mm deep. The appropriate amount of water to be irrigated before fruit ripening is 5-7 mm.