How to manage cherry planting more effectively in the field

The key technical points of the annual management of cherry trees are as follows:

January-early March of the following year, winter pruning, cleaning orchards. At present, three kinds of trees are mainly used in production:

① naturally happy shape; generally fixed stem height 45-60 cm, dry height 30-50 cm, 3-5 main branches, main branch angle about 30 °. 5-7 lateral branches were cultured on each main branch, generally 4-5 layers, 1-2 in each layer, the distance between layers was 60 cm, the distance between lateral branches was 30 cm, and the angle of lateral branches was 50 °, mainly on both sides or anticlinal sides.

② is tufted and naturally shaped; generally there are 5-6 main branches, and the trunk and main branches are clustered near the ground. 3-4 on the main branch, lateral branch or large fruiting branch group

The trunk of ③ is layered; the trunk is 50cm high and the tree is 2.5-3m high. There are 6-8 main branches, divided into 3-4 layers. There are 3-4 main branches in the first layer and 4-6 lateral branches respectively, and the angle of the main branch is 60 °. There are 2 main branches in the second and third layers with an angle of 45 °. The angle of the main branch of the fourth layer should be less than 45 °. There are 2-4 lateral branches on the 2, 3 and 4 layers of main branches. The distance between the first layer and the second main branch is 70-80cm, and the distance between the second and third layers is 60-70cm. The fixed stem height of cherry is determined according to the requirements of different high-yield trees. Generally, 3-5 branches can be produced in the first year after planting, and the main branches can be selected according to the specific conditions of branch cutting. In the stratified culture, the erect strong branches under the shearing mouth should be left as the central stem, and the cutting length should be 50 cm, and then 2-3 branches with strong growth and suitable angle should be selected as the main branches. To cultivate a natural happy shape, it is necessary to first select 2-4 healthy branches with suitable angles as the main branches. After drying, if the branch is on the low side, it can be cultured into a cluster-shaped natural shape. In the second year after planting, the natural happy shape can be cultivated, and the branch with the right angle can be selected as the side branch at 60 cm away from the base of the main branch. The lateral branches on the first layer of the main branch were selected in the hierarchical tree shape of the trunk, and the second layer of the main branch was selected 70-80 cm away from the upper main branch on the central trunk. 3-4 years after planting, it is necessary to continue to cultivate the main side to eliminate. Cherry grows rapidly, during the period of young trees, it is necessary to maintain a good master-slave relationship, pay attention to balance the tree potential, opening angle. Make full use of summer coring and other measures to increase the number of branches and leaves and cultivate fruiting branches as far as possible, so as to lay the foundation for early fruit and early harvest. After entering the initial fruiting stage, the focus is on the cultivation of backbone branches and fruiting branches. As a branch group, 20 cm was cut in the first year, the first bud was truncated again in the second year, and the other branches were dense and weak in the second year, and the strong branches at the tip of the branch group were thinned in the third year, and the lower middle and weak branches were slowly released into a compact branch group. For the varieties with strong branching ability, when using the results of Zhongyou branch culture to put an end to the group, they should first be heavily truncated, the new shoots should be plucked in the second year to promote the growth of branches, and the top strong branches should be thinned in the third year. The medium and weak branches were slowly released and gradually cultivated into the fruiting branch group. After entering the full fruiting stage, in order to maintain and reinvigorate the growth potential of the backbone branches, the trunk branches were re-cut and extended. Retraction of large and medium-sized fruiting branches, moderate thinning of bouquet-like fruit branches, promoting branches and enhancing tree potential. Strong erect branches and over-dense branches are sparse. Other 1-year-old branches are generally not short, but can wear a cap or break the top teeth at the blind node to promote foliage-like short branches. In the full fruiting period, the proportion of short fruit branches is larger, and the short fruit branches become budless empty branches and die after 5-6 years of continuous fruit. therefore, it is necessary to keep reserve branches during pruning. In order to prevent the extroversion of the fruit site and the baldness of the crown, the internal branch group should be strengthened, renewed and rejuvenated.

Second, from mid-March to late March, fertilize and irrigate and prepare pesticides. If there is no base fertilizer in autumn, it should be replenished in spring. The whole garden will be watered once. Boil to make stone sulfur mixture.

From the first ten days of April to the middle of April, ploughing, spraying fertilizer, spraying fertilizer at flowering stage and preventing frost. After irrigation, ploughing should be done in time, and the thickness of loose soil should be about 6 cm. When the tree buds are enlarged, 3-5 Baumedu stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed once to eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests. 0.1% Mel 0.2% borax or 0.3% Mel 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. Cherry prescriptions are vulnerable to night frost. Where there is more late frost, you can irrigate once before the cherry blossoms to postpone the flowering period to avoid frost damage.

From late April to early May, fertilizer dressing after flowering, summer pruning, irrigation and control of diseases and insect pests. After the cherry blossoms, the average amount of nitrogen fertilizer per fruit tree is 1 kg, while that of the young tree is 0.25 kg. Break off the double buds and the overdense buds. Water should be irrigated on average once a week from falling flowers to harvest. After harvest, irrigation times can be determined according to soil moisture. This period is prone to red spiders, aphids, shell insects and other insect pests. Appropriate insecticide control should be carried and weeds in the garden should be removed.

From mid-May to late June, harvest. Early-maturing varieties, such as Zaozi, are generally harvested in mid-May. Since then, mid-late maturity varieties such as Naoweng and Topaz have also matured one after another. Cherry fruits should be harvested with a stalk, and pay attention to picking and handling gently, careful shipping to avoid damage.

From June to July to August, weeding in ploughing and pruning in summer to control diseases and insect pests. Remove the weeds in the garden and transport them to the green manure outside the garden. When the new shoots grow vigorously in the rainy season, it is necessary to pick the heart in time to ensure that the trees are ventilated and transparent. It is easy to eat leaves of boat-shaped caterpillars in autumn, so corresponding pesticides should be sprayed.

From July to September to October, fertilizing, irrigating, loosening the soil and turning over the soil. The method of applying basic fertilizer is wheel furrow application, 100-250 kg organic fertilizer per big tree and about 50 kg per young tree. Water should be irrigated once after fertilization. The whole garden can be ploughed once without waiting for stickiness after irrigation.