How to cut the irrational structure of planting pear trees

At present, many pear orchards are produced by close planting technology. The single-layer high happy shape of pear tree is a kind of tree shape suitable for close planting pear orchard. Its suitable density is 44 plants per mu. The tree structure is 60cm to 80cm in height and 3m to 3.5m in height. The top of the central main branch (excluding the extension branch) is 1.6 to 1.8 meters above the ground, and the basic axis or branch group of the branch group is evenly arranged on the central main branch. The length of the base axis is less than 30 cm, and the robust long branch group is planted on the central main branch or axis. Each plant is required to reach 10 to 12. The whole tree has only one layer, and the final leaf curtain is 2-2.5 meters thick. However, some pear orchards are often improperly pruned, resulting in unreasonable tree structure. The most common problems are the insufficient number of strong branches of pear trees and the "bare legs" in the lower part of the branch group. Different solutions should be taken according to specific problems.

The number of robust fruiting branches is insufficient. The reason for this is that when the branches were cut or retracted in winter in previous years, the branches of the branch group cultured by truncation or retraction were too weak, and after truncation or retraction, they were not able to send out strong branches and did not form a strong fruiting branch group; the premature opening angle of the permanent branch group turned it into a weak branch group; the strong fruiting branch group did not pull the branch opening angle in time, which made the branch momentum too strong, resulting in the imbalance of the tree potential, resulting in the failure of the newly cultivated branch leader.

Solution: cultivate a strong fruiting branch group, cut short a strong annual branch or retract a robust perennial branch when cutting in winter. For those annual or perennial branches with weak growth, the method of combination of nourishment and contraction should be adopted to cultivate a strong fruiting branch group. The continuous growth of weaker branches can increase the amount of branches and leaves, reduce the amount of fruit, and increase the growth potential of the whole branch. For the branches whose growth momentum has been restored, they retract at the branches with full terminal buds during winter pruning to promote the growth of robust new branches. The opening angle of the permanent branch group should be carried out when the length of the branch group and the top tip reaches more than 2 meters. For the over-strong fruiting branch group, the opening angle of pulling branches in time can be taken according to the specific conditions, and some of the strong branches should be cut off in winter cutting, or 2 or 3 short branches should be left to retract and renew the branch group to balance the tree potential.

The permanent result branch group was "bare leg". The reason for this situation is mainly due to the erect growth of fruiting branches of pear trees.

Solving measures: pull the branch opening angle to the branch group, adjust the growth, increase the crown width, and create good nutritional conditions and planting space for the bare-legged branch group. When cutting in winter, the retraction of the upper part of the branch group can, on the one hand, improve the lighting conditions of the inner chamber of the crown, on the other hand, it can inhibit the front and back, and promote the sprouting of branches in the "bare legs" part of the branch group. But after retraction, the length of the main axis of the branch group should be more than 2 meters.