Key techniques of artificial pollination for planting pear trees

First, pollination tools can use brush, soft rubber, cashmere and so on, the pollen will be washed and dried in a small bottle, a covered with pollen can be about 10 flowers.

Second, pollen collection is often combined with flower thinning. Pollen is generally collected from pear trees with earlier flowering and more pollen, such as Huanghua pear. The time for pollen collection should be when the pear buds are budding (preferably in the shape of a balloon) or when the petals are just opening. When collecting pollen, rub the flowers with both hands to separate the anther from the filament and sift the anther with a fine-pore sieve. After the anthers are harvested, spread them evenly on the plate or on paper, and heat them with infrared light bulbs or ordinary light bulbs to keep the anther temperature at 20 ℃. When the anthers are cracked and the pollen is dispersed, collect them for use.

The pollination time of pear trees is valid within 7 days after flowering, and it is suitable for pollination within 3 days. Pollination can be done from 8 am to 4 pm, depending on the climate of the flowering period. When the air temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the pollination effect is poor, and when the daily highest temperature is about 30 ℃, pollination should be carried out in the morning or evening. The suitable temperature for pollination is 15 ℃ and 20 min. When the flowering climate is bad, it is best to pollinate twice.

Fourth, pollination method in order to save pollen, before pollination can add pine pollen, milk powder, lotus root powder and starch and other fillers to be diluted, the dilution can be about twice the amount of pollen. If the artificial pollinator is used, it can be diluted 10 times and mixed 20 times. If the pollen germination rate is less than 30%, it is not necessary to add fillers for artificial pollination. When pollinating, the flowers below 2.5 meters in height are given 2 fresh flowers per inflorescence and about 10, 000 flowers per mu according to the standard of keeping fruit. You can also put the diluted pollen in a gauze bag, tie it to the bamboo pole, and then gently tap the bamboo pole with a stick to sprinkle the pollen on the flowers, which requires about 50 grams of pollen per mu. The pollen can also be mixed with 15% sucrose solution and then sprayed on the stigma of the flower with a sprayer, which requires about 80Mel 100 grams of pollen per mu.

In addition, methods such as hanging flower branches or using high pollination varieties and releasing bees at flowering stage can also be adopted. Spraying 0.2 Mel 0.3% boric acid, 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15 mg / kg naphthylacetic acid at flowering stage can also increase the fruit setting rate of pear trees.