The technique of high grafting and changing head of planting pear trees in autumn

Grafting time

The replacement of pear tree height in a large area is generally carried out from early August to late September in autumn, that is, from summer shoot growth to autumn shoot growth. This stage of grafting has the advantages of high survival rate, low cost and good effect, which usually takes only one year.

Adjust the variety, and the crown is restored quickly and the garden phase is neat and standardized.

Grafting method

The method of bud grafting with xylem is mostly used in high-grafted pear trees in autumn. this method is easy to operate and easy to popularize.

The main results are as follows: 1. The selection of grafted bone: the tree shape can be adjusted according to the original tree structure or combination, and the main branches and central trunk extension heads with good orientation, layer spacing, good opening angle and strong growth are selected as grafting objects. According to the situation, 5 branches of 3murine, 9 branches of 6murine or 15 branches of 12Mul were selected.

2. The grafting position: the main branch grafting position is 20-30 cm away from the central trunk, smooth and smooth, and easy to operate on the upper position, and the central trunk grafting position is selected at the falling head.

3. Cutting position: according to the order from top to bottom, use a knife smoothly from top to bottom (the central trunk extends the head) or from the outside to inside. The cutting surface is about 2.5 meters long, reaching as deep as the xylem so as not to hurt the wood.

4. Cutting buds: hold the upper part of the scion bud tightly with the left hand, and use a knife smoothly inward from 0.5 cm above the bud eye. The cutting surface is about 2murle 2.5 cm long, and the back of the bud eye is slightly woody, about 1mm thick. Then cut a knife from 2cm to the vertical section at the bottom of the bud.

5. Grafting method: the left hand quickly removed the buds, while the right hand cut off 0.5 cm of the upper cortex of the graft with a knife, and the left and right hands cooperated with the insertion of the bud slices. Note that the edge of the graft incision is slightly white and coincides with the upper round solitary surface of the bud slices. If the graft incision is wider than the bud slice, it coincides with one side. When the upper part of the cortex is cut off, the size of the visible bud piece is cut off the upper part of the cortex with two knives. After inserting the buds, press them with your hands, then bind them tightly and expose the bud eyes.

Post-grafting management

The goal of pear tree management after height grafting is to protect budding as the goal of setting strong shoots in the coming year. In autumn, we should mainly protect leaves, control fertilizer and drain waterlogging and dampness, remove redundant shoots in winter, cut off the upper 2/3 of the main branches, and leave one side of the branchlets in the upper part of the grafting site in the first half of the second spring, and then cut off and show buds in order to promote strong shoots. In cutting and thinning big branches, attention should be paid to the protection of wounds, and plastic surgery should be done in the growing season, such as wiping buds, picking hearts, thinning branches, kneading branches, pulling branches, strengthening fertilizer and water management, prevention and control of crippled insect pests, and expanding the nutritional area as soon as possible to maintain the balance of the root and crown of the tree. ensure that the crown and tree power are restored to strength.