Early High-yield cultivation techniques of planting Pear trees

1. Deep planting in big holes

From April 5 to 10, one-year-old seedlings with a diameter of more than 1.0cm and a height of more than 1.5m at the 2cm on the interface were selected. Before planting, the roots and overgrown roots were cut and soaked in clean water for one night, and the seedlings were dipped in mud the next day. The length, width and depth of the planting pit are all 1m. The topsoil and subsoil are separated, poured through, and then planted after water infiltration.

The planting depth is about 5cm deeper than that of normal planting trees, and all the backfill soil is topsoil, and the soil can be changed or mixed with appropriate amount of organic fertilizer. When filling the soil, gently lift the seedling dry, firmly and then pour through the water, and after the water seeps, pile a small mound at the base of the tree to reduce water evaporation and improve the survival rate. Three weeks after planting, the survival rate was 99.6%.

2. Shaping and pruning

The natural happy shape of the two main branches was adopted to increase the early coverage rate and reduce soil water evaporation as soon as possible. During pruning, the method of bending and drying was used. After planting, the trunk was bent to the east about 75 °from the 65cm on the ground, and the first main branch was cultivated. When an erect branch sprouts near the bend, leave one to grow into a strong branch. In the following spring, the branch was bent down about 75 °from the base to the west, and was cultured into the second main branch. If the trunk sprouts later after bending, smear Zaozhibao (produced by Handan North Biological products Co., Ltd.) on the bud about 15 days after bending or adopt some measures such as sprouting to promote germination. The best distance between the two main branches is 10mur15cm; to prevent splitting.

There are no lateral branches on the main branch, but bear fruit branch group directly. When cutting in winter, it is mainly sparse, and the main branch is not short, so as to achieve the effect of restraining the front and promoting the back, so that a large number of fruiting branches are formed at the base of the main branch as soon as possible. When the canopy is handed over, the main branch is replaced with the lower branch; prevent the handover. The "three sets of branches" pruning method was used in the branch group, that is, the fruiting branch, the fruiting mother branch and the vegetative branch each accounted for 1 / 3, and the lateral distribution of the upper branch group was "small on the top and big on the back, middle on both sides", that is, the branchlet group on the back (below the length 20cm), the large branch group on the lower side (about 40cm in length), and the medium branch group on both sides (about 30cm in length). The longitudinal distribution is the basal big branch group, the middle branch group and the upper branchlet group. There are about 30 branch groups in the whole tree.

3. Grass mulching and fertilizer and water management

Two grasses suitable for local ecological conditions, such as Magnolia mandshurica, were selected as the ground vegetation of the orchard. When the grass is about 25cm long, the grass is cut, and after cutting, the grass is evenly covered on the surface. This is repeated, cutting 2 Mel 3 times a year. In this way, the direct sunlight on the ground can be reduced, the surface temperature can be reduced, and the evaporation of soil water can be reduced, and the soil organic matter can be increased by turning weeds into the ground after decay. By using this method, the soil organic matter of 0-40cm was increased from 0.21% to 0.84% in three years. The application of organic fertilizer is mainly weeds, and combined with the application of appropriate amount of farm manure, the time is between summer and autumn. No more ditching and fertilization in spring, so as not to cause a large amount of soil moisture loss. Urea was applied 7 days before flowering, 100g per 2-year-old tree, 150g per 3-year-old tree, and 200g per 4-year-old tree. Diammonium phosphate was applied in the period of rapid expansion of young fruit, 100g per 3-year-old tree, 150g per 4-year-old tree, and 200g above 5-year-old. Irrigate in time after fertilization. The mixture of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed every 15 days after falling flowers for 5 times.

4. Pest control

The main pests are pear aphid, pear big, Dendrolimus punctatus, beetle, green diamondback moth, etc. the main pests are pear aphid, pear big, Dendrolimus punctatus, beetle, green diamondback moth, etc. Pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies, such as lacewings, ladybugs, insectivorous gadflies and so on. In addition to the use of drugs for pear big and small pear, it is supplemented by artificial removal of insect fruit to destroy it to reduce the insect population density. The eggs of Dendrolimus punctatus were removed during winter cutting, and the larvae newly hatched at flowering stage were artificially eliminated when they were dispersed to feed.

The main diseases are gray spot, brown spot and a small amount of scab. 5 °Be Shiliu mixture should be sprayed when sprouting in spring to reduce the number of bacteria. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times twice in the rainy season to control the occurrence of diseases and protect leaves and fruits.