How to shape, prune, irrigate and drain dragon fruit

Pitaya is a kind of fruit that is more common and often eaten in our life. It belongs to tropical fruit. Generally, Hainan and other places are rich in pitaya, so if you want to eat delicious and cheap pitaya, you have to go to Hainan. Although we see more dragon fruit, but for the growth of dragon fruit may know very few people.

plastic pruning technique

1. After the pruning and planting of seedlings, the plants grow along the cement column. At this time, the seedlings sprout lateral branches, and a strong upward branch should be retained. The rest of the lateral branches should be cut off in time, which is conducive to concentrated nutrition for strong branches to climb quickly.

2. When the plant grows to 1.5 meters high, it can be divided into more than 3 naturally drooping branches. After the branches are mature and in the period of 4~11 months, these drooping branches will have the opportunity to bear fruit. It was observed that the upper middle branches, especially the pendulous branches, had a higher flowering and fruit rate, while the middle and lower branches rarely flowered. According to the analysis of branch distribution position, the growth potential of upper branches is usually greater than that of middle and lower branches, which may be caused by the top advantage, but the upper branches are not easy to bind because of their high growth position. Although their growth potential is strong, their tissue mechanical strength is poor, and they are often easily blown off by wind. The upper branches can be gradually supported, pulled, hung and tied. After the branches mature and begin to bloom, gradually let them droop to reduce wind damage.

3. After fruiting, 2/3 branches of each plant can be arranged as fruiting branches, and the other 1/3 branches can be removed from buds or flowers, reduce the growth angle of their branches, promote their realistic vegetative growth, and cultivate them into strong preparatory fruiting branches. If some plants bear more fruits, it is less likely to form a large number of concentrated flowering branches in the next year. After forming a large number of strong branches at the base of the plant, thinning and leaving strong branches can be used, or the weaker branches can be truncated to promote their development into strong vegetative branches. When thinning or shortening, the overall vegetative area of the plant should be considered. The branches that are thinned or truncated can be used for: ① propagation scion;② old branches can be peeled and pith dipped in mustard sauce or salad; Old branch meat and tender branch meat can be used as delicacies, such as fried, cold, braised, etc.;④ can be used to treat constipation without side effects.

irrigation and drainage technology

Water is the lifeblood of plant growth and an essential component of all organ activities. In the life of fruit trees, water plays a role in maintaining cell pressure, ensuring stomata opening and carbon dioxide entry. All chemical changes in the body can only take place in the presence of water. Nutrients in soil can only be absorbed and utilized if they are soluble in water. More importantly, water is a necessary raw material for photosynthesis and the basis for yield formation. In addition, only under the condition of water can the transpiration of fruit trees be maintained, the temperature of trees be regulated, and the transportation of photosynthetic products and mineral nutrients be ensured. Therefore, in fruit tree cultivation, timely watering is an important measure to ensure premature, high yield and high quality.

Irrigation should be carried out before the fruit trees are affected by water shortage, and must not be watered when the fruit trees are already dry (such as wilting, fruit shrinkage). The need for watering depends primarily on soil moisture. Generally, 60%~80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity is most suitable for the growth and development of fruit trees. Pitaya grows in desert areas for a long time and has strong tolerance to water shortage. In foreign countries, measuring instruments are generally used to determine soil moisture to guide irrigation. In addition to soil moisture, climatic conditions and the growth and development stages of the fruit trees themselves should be considered to determine the irrigation period. In production, water is often watered during the following periods.

① If there is enough water in the soil before and after germination to flowering, it can strengthen the growth of new shoots, increase leaf area, enhance photosynthesis, and make flowering and fruit set normal, laying the foundation for high yield in the year. This irrigation is especially important in spring drought areas.

(2) The period of shoot growth and young fruit expansion is often called the critical period of water demand of fruit trees. At this time, the physiological function of the fruit tree is the most prosperous, such as water shortage, the leaves rob the young fruit of water, so that the young fruit shrinks and falls off.

3. During the period of rapid fruit expansion, this watering can meet the requirements of fruit expansion for fertilizer and water. But this time watering should control the amount of watering.

4. Irrigation before and after fruit picking and during dormancy in dry areas in autumn and winter can store enough water in the soil to help the decomposition of fertilizer, thus promoting the growth and development of fruit trees in the following spring. After harvesting the last batch of fruits in autumn and winter, pitaya enters dormant period. If there is proper irrigation at this time, it can promote the growth of plants and promote the branches to become fruiting branches as soon as possible.

The method of watering pitaya

① flood irrigation

In areas with abundant water and flat terrain, irrigation of the whole garden is often carried out. However, this method has certain damage to the soil structure, time-consuming and uneconomical, and has been gradually reduced.

② Border irrigation

Repair the tree tray in units of plants, or make long beds along the tree rows, and divert water into the tree tray or beds when irrigating. This method saves water, is easy to manage, and is widely used. However, it will also destroy the soil structure of tree beds and cause the death of absorbing roots.

③ acupoint irrigation

When water is scarce, 8 - 12 holes with a diameter of about 30 cm can be opened at the outer edge of the canopy drip line. The depth of the hole should not hurt the root. Water should be injected into the hole and filled after water infiltration.

④ Gully irrigation

Open irrigation ditches at intervals between 2 rows of trees, 20 - 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide. Generally, 2 trees are opened in each row, and one tree can be opened in dwarf dense planting garden. Water is introduced into the ditch and gradually infiltrated into the soil. This method not only saves water, but also destroys soil structure less, so it should be advocated.

5 Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation is an advanced mechanized and automated irrigation technology developed in recent years. It is a method of slowly applying water droplets or small streams to plant root zones. It is gradually being used in production. Drip irrigation has many advantages: such as drip irrigation only moistens the soil layer and topsoil near the roots of crops, greatly reducing water evaporation; this system can be fully automated, reducing labor to a minimum; and it can regularly supply water to the root soil, evenly maintain soil moisture, so that it is not excessively wet and excessively dry, and at the same time maintain good root soil ventilation. For example, drip irrigation combined with fertilization can continuously supply root nutrients, which is most conducive to the growth and development of fruit trees. According to foreign data reports, drip irrigation can increase the yield of fruit trees by 20%~50%. However, drip irrigation systems require more pipes and investment, water towers and filtration systems with a certain pressure, main and branch pipes to lead water into the orchard, and capillary pipes and emitters around the trees. And pipes and drippers are easy to plug, strict requirements for good filtration equipment.

Water supply of pitaya

No matter which irrigation method is used, the amount of irrigation should not be too large or too small, and it is appropriate to wet the soil in the main root distribution layer. Specific determination of irrigation should also consider soil quality, fruit tree growth and development period, fertilization and meteorological conditions, etc., theoretical irrigation calculation, to determine the most common soil moisture. It is generally considered that the minimum irrigation amount is 60% of the maximum soil moisture holding capacity, and the ideal irrigation amount is 80% of the maximum soil moisture holding capacity. In addition, according to the long-term accumulated experience of fruit farmers and technical personnel, it is considered that irrigation is thorough when irrigating, but it is actually the most appropriate irrigation amount.

Pitaya root is most afraid of hypoxia, avoid water, soil moisture is too much, air permeability is weakened, hinder the respiration of the root, serious will make the active part suffocate and die, cause fruit drop, reduce fruit flavor, even cause plant death. Therefore, in addition to water conservation and timely irrigation, flood control and waterlogging prevention and other drainage work should be done well, drainage ditches and flood drainage channels should be built, and flood control and drainage preparations should be made in rainy seasons. The number and size of drainage ditch in orchard should be determined according to the amount of rainfall, the strength of soil water retention and the height of groundwater level. Under normal circumstances, pitaya orchard drainage ditch depth is about 1 meter.

Because the market demand for dragon fruit is relatively large, and the price of dragon fruit in the market is not cheap, especially red dragon fruit in the fruit shop to buy a word about 10 yuan-20 yuan, so its profit is also very considerable, so now many people think that planting dragon fruit is a very good development prospects of planting projects!