Fertilization and soil Management of Pineapple Orchard

Pineapple (scientific name: Ananas comosus), commonly known as pineapple, is one of the famous tropical fruits. Fujian and Taiwan are called Wangli or ô ng-l â I, Xinma is called yellow pear, and the mainland and Hong Kong are called pineapples. There are more than 70 varieties, one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan.

Pineapple is native to the Amazon River basin of Brazil and Paraguay in South America and was introduced into China from Brazil in the 16th century. It has now spread throughout the tropics. Its edible part is mainly composed of fleshy inflorescence axis and flowers spirally arranged in the periphery, the flowers are usually not sturdy, the persistent perianth lobes form a cavity, and there are atrophied stamens and styles in the cavity. The fiber of the leaf is very tough and can be used for fabric, rope, netting and papermaking.

Pineapple and pineapple are biologically the same kind of fruit. On the market, pineapple and pineapple are different varieties of fruit: after peeling, pineapple has "internal thorns" that need to be removed, while pineapple has no "internal thorns" after removing its outer skin, so there is no need to make a trench.

The requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer varies in different stages of pineapple growth and development. generally speaking, from planting to flower bud differentiation, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 17:10:23, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; after budding, it is mainly potassium fertilizer, and the proportion of "three elements" is 7:10:23.

In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer before planting, the fertilization of pineapple must be reasonably topdressing according to the needs of each period in the whole growth process.

(1) strong plant fertilizer

Specify fertilization at the vegetative growth stage after planting to before flower bud differentiation. Taking the pineapple planted from July to August as an example, about 40 days after planting, once ammonium sulfate or spraying extra-root nitrogen fertilizer was applied once or twice after the new roots of the plant resumed growth. After the spring was warm in March and April of the following year, the plant gradually resumed its growth and should be fertilized once. The period from April to September is the vigorous growth period of the plant, accounting for 70% and 80% of the annual growth. Especially when the temperature is high from June to July, Rain Water is full, the plant grows vigorously and absorbs a lot of fertilizer, so the fertilizer should be applied again for 2 or 3 times. Fertilization at this stage is mainly to apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, in principle, nitrogen fertilizer should be heavy first and then light to facilitate the growth of vegetative organs, while potassium fertilizer should be light first and then heavy, so as to fully accumulate carbohydrates in the body and facilitate the formation of flower buds. In addition to rhizosphere fertilization, extra-root topdressing can be carried out for 2 or 3 times.

(2) promoting flower and buds fertilizer

Flower-promoting fertilizer can be applied one month before flower bud differentiation in November to promote flower bud differentiation and lay a good foundation for increasing yield. This time, the fertilizer is mainly potassium fertilizer, combined with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. From late February to early March of the following year, before and after bud extraction, ditches were opened to apply 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer per plant and about 30 kg of nitrogen, potash or compound fertilizer per mu to promote the rapid recovery of plant growth after overwintering and the healthy growth of flower buds after extraction.

(3) Fruit attacking and budding fertilizer

After the pineapple blossoms in the first and middle of May, the fruit turns to the period of rapid growth and expansion, and all kinds of shoots are drawn out one after another. More potassium fertilizer and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be added in time to make the fruit grow and develop normally, improve fruit quality and promote the exuberant growth of all kinds of bud seedlings. In addition to rhizosphere fertilization, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.1% urea plus 1% potassium sulfate can also be used for extra-root topdressing, which has an obvious effect on improving fruit quality.

(4) strong bud fertilizer

The re-application of strong bud fertilizer after fruit harvest from June to September is of decisive significance to the yield of the mother plant in the following year. 40% to 50% of the amount of fertilizer applied in the next year is usually used for this fertilization, and ditches are often made after mixing high-quality organic fertilizer with available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. In order to accelerate the growth of sucking buds, extra-root topdressing can be applied once a month. Extra-root topdressing can be used if it is not easy to apply fertilizer in the rhizosphere of dense planting garden.

Soil management

I) ploughing and weeding

Mid-tillage loosens the soil, rain can accumulate water, reduce Rain Water erosion, drought can reduce soil water evaporation and enhance water conservation capacity. The combination of mid-tillage and weeding can reduce weeds and pineapple for fertilizer and water, which is beneficial to the growth and development of roots. Intertillage weeding is generally carried out 3-4 times a year. When weeds bloom, weeding should be carried out for the first time. It is hot and humid from May to June and July to August, and the weeds grow very fast, so they should be ploughed and weeded once each. Rain Water was rare in autumn and winter, so he ploughed and weeded once again, and turned the weeds into the soil.

II) soil cultivation and mulching

Pineapple often uses sucking buds as stepmother plant, and the sucking bud position leaves the soil surface, so the soil should be cultivated in time after fruit picking to promote the emergence of new roots at the base and prevent lodging. In addition, pineapples planted on the slope are often exposed because of Rain Water's erosion, so it is necessary to cultivate the soil with each intertillage and weeding, and hoe the soil around the plant at the base.

Soil mulching in pineapple orchard can prevent the breeding of weeds, reduce water evaporation, keep the soil moist, loose and well-structured, and reduce soil temperature in summer and increase soil temperature in winter. The root system of pineapple grows well, thus the fruit yield and quality are significantly improved. The covering material can be straw or green manure, as well as asphalt paper and plastic film.