Attention to management and pollination of apricot trees in greenhouse during growing period

Apricot (scientific name: Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) deciduous trees. Terrestrial, plants glabrous. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, margin obtusely serrate; two glands near petiole tip; reddish flowers solitary or 2-3 symbiotic, white or reddish. Round, oblong or oblate drupe, the pericarp is mostly white, yellow to yellowish red, the sunny part is often flushed and spotted; the dark yellow pulp is sweet and juicy; the nuclear surface is smooth without spots, and the nuclear margin is thick and furrowed. Kernels are bitter or sweet. The flowering period is from March to April and the fruiting period is from June to July. There is a lot of cultivation in all parts of China.

First, fertilizer and water management when the new shoot grows to 15 cm long, apply quick-acting chemical fertilizer and alternate with foliar fertilizer spraying. Each plant was topdressing 50 grams of urea, foliar spraying 0.3% urea solution or 0.4% 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying once every 10 to 15 days, 3 times in a row. After August, it was mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed on the leaf for 2 or 3 times. Farm manure and compound fertilizer were applied at the end of September and the beginning of October, with 500 kg of chicken manure and 75 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in each shed. After buckling the shed, 100 grams of urea was applied to each plant before sprouting, 100 grams of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied to each plant from flowering to fruit expansion period, and 0.3% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed every 10 to 15 days. During the growing period, it was irrigated 3 times, the first time was about 20 days before the plastic shed, the second time was irrigated once according to the soil conditions after flowering, and the third time was in the hard core stage.

Second, the environment in the shed should be adjusted at the beginning of December. First pull up the grass grass of 1 beat 3, and then pull up the grass grass of 1 hammer and 2, until the middle of December, all the grass grass is pulled up during the day, and the overall temperature begins to heat up, and the grass grass is covered at night to keep warm. Covered with plastic film 15-20 days before greenhouse warming, the ground temperature rose slowly at first, and when the greenhouse warmed up, the ground temperature and air temperature were coordinated. After thanking the flowers, go to the plastic film to prevent the high temperature from injuring the roots.

Pollen collection

Two to four days before artificial pollination, budding and normally developing buds were collected from selected varieties with high pollination affinity, or flower branches of pollination trees were cut and inserted into water bottles for water culture. Peel off the petals of the collected buds indoors with tweezers, take out the anthers, spread them on smooth paper, place them in the room at room temperature of 20-25 ℃, and dry at 30%-70% humidity. When the anther is dehiscent, the pollen can be released; when the anther is mature, the hydroponic flower branch should be gently patted to scatter the pollen on the paper. After collecting the pollen, sift out the sundries, store them in a bottle and store them in a ventilated and dry place. The number of buds or branches collected can be determined according to the number of pollinated flowers, the amount of pollinated flowers or varieties. Due to the small amount of apricot pollen, generally one bud can pollinate three flowers.

Pollination period

The pollinated apricot tree generally has about 25% of the flowers in bloom, when the flower stigma is bright in color and has a lot of mucus. The time is generally in the morning of the flowering day, there are no water droplets, when the stigma is fresh and wet, pollination is the best, and the fruit setting rate is also higher.

Pollination method

1. Point teaching method: add 3 to 5 times talc or starch to the collected pollen, mix well, dip a small amount of pollen with a brush or soft rubber head and gently wipe it on the stigma. 10-25 flowers can be dipped in pollen each time. Focus on the plants with a small number of flowers, early blooming flowers and late blooming flowers to improve the fruit setting rate and ensure the yield.

two。 Spray method: take 10-12 grams of dried pollen, add 5 kilograms of water and 250 grams of white granulated sugar to mix into suspensions. Add 5 grams of boric acid before spraying, mix well and spray immediately with a hand-held sprayer. Spray once or twice when 60% of the flowers are in bloom. It is required that the whole plant should be sprayed evenly, do not miss spray, and do not re-spray many times, in order to make full use of pollen.

In addition to artificial pollination, raising bees or wall bees for auxiliary pollination in the greenhouse where apricot trees are planted is also a good choice to improve the fruit setting rate.