How to cultivate and manage grapefruit with high yield

Grapefruit (scientific name: Citrus maxima), also known as Wen Dan, Xiang Xiang, Zhu Li, Nei Zi and so on. It is the mature fruit of pomelo, a plant of Rutaceae, which is produced in Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and other southern regions of China. Grapefruit is fragrant, sweet and sour, cool and moist, rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value. it is one of the fruits that people like to eat, and it is also recognized as the most therapeutic fruit in the medical field. Pomelo tea and grapefruit peel also have practical value and can be used as medicine.

First, strengthen the tip and promote it to turn green

The spring shoots of strong and prosperous trees are sprayed with 15% 600 times paclobutrazol when they are 7cm long, so that the spring shoots are short and strong, the inflorescences are strong, and the crown is sprayed with green Fenwei in the leaf expansion period of the spring shoots to promote the leaves to turn green.

Second, plastic film mulching, moisturizing and cooling

In summer and autumn, the temperature is high and the soil water evaporation is large. The rows of orchards are covered with plastic film or interplanting low vegetables, peanuts and legumes. The summer high temperature and summer drought moisturizing and restraining the weeds are beneficial to the growth and greenness of pomelo, increase the pomelo yield and increase the economic benefit of pomelo garden.

Third, timely pollination to improve fruit.

1. Artificial pollination chooses sunny weather to pick back the blooming male flowers of pomelo trees, wrap the pollen in white paper, put it in a cloth bag and tie it around the body around the person's waist. After 24 hours, take out the pollen and mix it with 0.1% of human borax. Use a brush or cotton swab on the pomelo flower stigma.

2. After insect pollination was mixed with 0.2% urea, 0.3% granulated sugar, 1.2% bee sugar and 98% water, the pomelo stigma was sprayed with a miniature sprayer at 8 am at 10 am and 3 pm at 4 pm on a sunny day, and the pomelo stigma was sprayed 3 times in a row to induce bees to pollinate and improve fruit setting.

Fourth, timely fruit thinning

When the young fruit grows to the size of the pea, the fruit thinning is carried out for the first time, mainly to remove small fruit, disease and insect fruit and deformed fruit. Generally speaking, the bearing capacity of the tree potential is 1.5 times, and when the fruit grows to the big finger, the fruit is thinned for the second time. At this time, the fruit thinning requires that the fruit retained is of the same size and evenly distributed.

5. Transfer of young fruit

When the grapefruit grows to the size of the egg, cut off the overdense young fruit or twin fruit and transfer it to the branch with less fruit, so as to provide sufficient nutrition, strengthen the fruit and increase the yield.

6. Protect flowers and fruits

Spray 0.1% Lufenwei foliar fertilizer plus 0.1% borax at the flower bud stage, add 0.2% ammonium molybdate, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea, then spray the crown twice (once every 7 days); spray the crown with 1 bag of Fanglu and gibberellin 20 X 10-6 at 3 / 4, dissolve with alcohol and then spray the crown. During the physiological fruit drop period, the fruit pedicel was smeared once from mid-April to early May and once again from late May to mid-June after dissolving with cytokinin (BA) 1 g alcohol to 200 X 10-6 water.

7. Do a good job in disease and pest control

1. Control flower bud maggots in the peak period of adult Eclosion, sprinkle on the ground with 0.8 kg of carbofuran granules and 25 kg of river sand per mu. Spray the canopy with 90% trichlorfon (or 80% dichlorvos emulsion) 600 times twice. Remove the damaged buds in time and bury them deeply after scalding them with boiling water.

2. During the peak incubation period of the first generation of young scale in the first and middle of May, the firewood mixture was sprayed and washed twice, and the firewood mixture (0.5 parts of washing powder and 1 part of diesel oil) was used alternately.

3. To control red and yellow spiders, 5% nisorang 2000 times plus 40% isocarbophos or 2000 times propargite mixed with a small amount of diesel oil were sprayed on the tree crown twice.

4. In winter, 6 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of stone-sulfur mixture, 1 kg of salt, 50 g of omethoate and 15 kg of water were used to prevent and cure the disease.

VIII. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water

The tending period of young trees is mainly vegetative growth, and the crown of early fruiting and abundant trees is cultivated. Therefore, shoot promotion fertilizer and strong shoot fertilizer were applied once a year before and after spring, summer and autumn shoots, and 5-8 kg of farm manure was mixed with urea 0.l-0.2 kg. After entering the fruiting period, spring fertilizer was applied thinly in the first and middle of February, and 50 kg of farm manure and 0.4 kg of urea were applied to the plant. In the middle of May, the stable fruit fertilizer was applied skillfully, and the plant was applied 0.1% lufenwei foliar fertilizer lmuri twice or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea mixed with external root topdressing. In the middle of July, the fertilizer of strengthening fruit and promoting shoot was applied again, and 60 kg of farm manure plus 1 kg of superphosphate and 2 kg of plant ash were mixed. In the middle and last ten days of September, deep application of fruit-picking and grafting fertilizer (also known as Fuzhuangfei), plant application of 60 kg of farm fertilizer and 1 kg of refueling cake fertilizer to restore the tree potential.

IX. Do a good job in plastic surgery and pruning

1. Pick the branches of spring and summer in time, when the growth length is about 30 cm, make fun in time, and remove the excess buds.

2. Pruning and reshaping in autumn, measures such as support, pulling and hanging should be taken to increase the opening angle, ease the growth potential and promote early fruiting.

3. ring cutting to promote flowers in late September, staggered rings were cut 3 times on the side branches with a sharp knife to prevent the downward transport of nutrients produced by leaves, increase the accumulation of organic nutrients in leaves, and effectively increase the amount of flowers in the next year.

4. Controlling the late autumn shoot and winter shoot issued after the first ten days of November will consume a lot of nutrition, which is not conducive to the differentiation of flower buds from fruiting mother branches in the following year. When the leaves of autumn shoots turn green and mature, spraying 300-fold paclobutrazol inhibitor lmure twice can effectively avoid winter shoots.

5. After pruning, thinning and fruit harvesting, the two growing branches in the middle and upper part of the crown were removed to enhance the light transmission of the inner chamber. In pruning, it is necessary to grasp the principle of heavy on the top and light on the outside, heavy on the outside and light on the inside, more thinning and less cutting, moderate pruning, cutting off overlapping branches, stranded branches, disease and insect branches, competitive branches, dry and withered branches and fruit handles, and clusters of branches should be thinned one, five sulfur two, so that the branch tip distribution is uniform, as far as possible to retain the canopy side branches, short fruit branches, foot leafless branches, drooping branches, so that the crown ventilation and light, to achieve high and stable yield.

10. Timely harvest

It is generally appropriate to harvest in late November, pick on a sunny day, and handle it gently during harvesting, transportation and storage. When storing and keeping fresh, the fruit can be washed and sterilized with 2mam 4m D plus carbendazim solution, and then packed in a fresh-keeping bag.