Seed collecting and Seedling raising techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Chinese prickly ash (scientific name: Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.), alias: Zanthoxylum bungeanum, big pepper, Qin pepper, Sichuan pepper, Sichuan pepper or mountain pepper. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Rutaceae and Zanthoxylum bungeanum. It can be planted alone and can be used as a protective thorn hedge. Its pericarp can be used as a seasoning, and can extract aromatic oil, but also can be used as medicine, seeds can be edible, but also can be processed to make soap. Zanthoxylum bungeanum can remove the fishy smell of all kinds of meat; promote saliva secretion, increase appetite; dilate blood vessels, thus reducing blood pressure. The general population can eat, pregnant women, Yin deficiency and fire are taboo. The fruit is round and the size of mung beans, and its outer skin is a commonly used spice. When the fruit is ripe, the red or purplish red pericarp is called Jiaohong, and the seeds are called Jiaomu. They are all Chinese herbal medicines and are commonly used as condiments in families. They are often found on slopes 2500 meters above sea level, and they are also planted. Resistant to drought, like the sun, plant more in various places.

Seed collection

The variety is Dahongpao, choose the tree with strong tree potential in full fruiting period (10-15 years old). Seeds were collected from mid-August to early October when the pericarp changed from green to reddish brown or purple-black. The newly picked fruit is dried in the shade in a ventilated place, and the seeds are obtained by removing the peel and impurities. Dry plants must not be exposed to the sun, so as to prevent the seeds from producing oil. Loss of germinating power.

Seed storage

After the seeds are collected, if they are not sown in autumn and winter, they need to be stored, including dry storage, wet storage and dung storage:

Dry storage: put it in a gunny bag or porcelain jar and place it in a ventilated and dry place for spring use.

Shizo: there are three ways.

1. Rinse the defatted seeds and mix them with sand, spread them out in a cool place to dry, put them in a sack and set aside in a ventilated and cool place (for degreasing methods, see seed treatment before sowing).

two。 Digging pit sand storage: for undefatted seeds, dig ditches in a place where the leeward is facing the sun and well drained, with a depth of 0.8m and a width of 1m, the length varies with the number of seeds, erect a grass every two meters to facilitate ventilation, mix the seeds and wet sand in a proportion at 1:2 and store them in the ditch, pile to about 16cm along the ditch, cover with pure wet sand and level the ground, and then cover the soil with ridge-like suppression, leaving drainage ditches on both sides, and the seeds are often turned over during storage.

3. Digging pit soil: for defatted seeds, dig a small cellar 60 centimeters long and 30 centimeters wide at the bottom. after the seeds are put in, spread a thin layer of 30 centimeters long and 30 centimeters of soil. Irrigate the right amount of water, after water seeps into the soil. Covered with 30 centimeters of wet soil.

Dung storage: mix fresh cow dung and seeds according to the ratio of 6: 10 to 10: 1, make a cake and bury it in a pit about a foot deep, cover the soil with about 10 cm, cover the grass firmly, break it and sow it with cow dung in the next spring.

Seed treatment and sowing date selection before sowing

Defatting treatment: the production technology of Schisandra chinensis does not need to be treated when seeds are sown in spring after wet storage and dung storage. Dry seeds and seedlings must be defatted by soaking in different concentrations of alkaline water or washing powder water for different times to remove the oil from the seed coat.

One is to dissolve the alkali or washing powder in warm water, mix it into cold water, control the concentration at 1: 3%, soak the seeds in it for two days, scrub and remove the oil finger from the seed coat, remove the purebred seeds and rinse twice to sow the seeds.

The other is to soak in 50% alkaline water for 15 minutes for 20 minutes, the water temperature is 30 to 40 ℃, after being removed, rinse with clean water for several times, then knead repeatedly with plant ash or coarse sand until the surface of the seed is gray, then rinse with clean water, and then sow seeds when the tip is cool.

The sowing date is determined: there are four kinds of sowing, autumn sowing, winter sowing, spring sowing, spring sowing and picking sowing.

Sowing as you pick: sow seeds without storage after harvest

Autumn sowing: from White Dew to Frosts Descent. After degreasing treatment, it is necessary to absorb water and expand before sowing.

Winter sowing: before and after the beginning of winter. The following year the Waking of Insects suppressed the soil once.

Spring sowing: after the soil is thawed, that is, from mid-March to early April, the seeds are directly sown after wet storage and dung storage. Dry storage of seeds need to be degreased, water absorption expansion, when the seedbed moisture is good, can be carried out germination treatment, can be scalded with boiling water. Methods: the seeds were poured into twice boiling water, stirred for 2-3 minutes and soaked in warm water for 2-3 days. When a few seeds were cracked, put them in a warm place and covered with a wet cloth, sprouted and sowed.

Making and sowing of seedbed

The nursery land is selected in the leeward to the sun, the soil layer is deep and fertile sandy loam, 3035 tons of farm manure is applied per hectare before sowing, meticulous soil preparation, no weeds, stones, fine broken soil. The seedbed is 10 meters long and 1 meter wide. The dry plateau area is a low bed. When strip sowing, the furrow distance is 20 cm, the sowing distance is 5 cm, and the pure seeds need 112,187 kg per hectare. When sowing, plant ash can be mixed with 2 times the weight of seeds, requiring 225,330 kg of seeds per hectare. After sowing, it was covered with 2-3 cm thick fine circle soil (horse, cattle and livestock fertilizer), slightly suppressed, and covered with belly or wheat straw. To keep the seedbed moist.

Seedbed management

Before and after germination. The seedbed needs to be irrigated when it is dry. After germination, remove the mulch on a cloudy day or in the evening to promote rapid germination and neat emergence of seeds. When the seedling height is about 5 cm, combined with loosening the soil and weeding, keep one seedling every 2 cm for the first time. When the seedling height is 10 cm, loosen the soil and weed for the second time, and leave one seedling in 5 cm. The height of the seedling is about 15 to 20 centimeters, and the seedlings are loosened, weeded and fixed for the third time, leaving about 30 seedlings per square meter. After the seedlings, fertilizer can be applied as appropriate, requiring less quantity and more.