Scientific cultivation and Management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) is also called green pepper, dog pepper, Shu pepper, red pepper, red pepper. And Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, a specialty of a kind of pepper is also called Ma Jiao. The color of pepper is lighter than that of common pepper, but its taste is heavier than that of common pepper. "poem. Chen Feng. East Gate Ji: look at you, such as Buckwheat (sound buckwheat, also known as mallow, bauhinia, pyrene), I hold peppers. Mao Yu Chuanyun: pepper, fragrance also.

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 3-7 m tall, fragrant, stems usually with enlarged prickles. Leaves singular-pinnate, alternate, often with a pair of very broad prickles at flattened base on both sides of petiole; leaflets 5-11, opposite, subsessile, papery, ovate or ovate moment orbicular, 1.5-7 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, margin obtusely serrate, thick transparent glandular spots at teeth, and a cluster of rust-brown villous on both sides of the base of the lower midrib. Cymose panicles terminal; flowers unisexual, tepals 4-8, a whorl, ovary sessile. Follicles globose, red to purplish red, densely verrucous glands. Distributed in all parts of the country except Northeast and Xinjiang, wild or cultivated. I was born in a sunny, warm and fertile place. Fruit for seasoning, and can extract aromatic oil, medicine has the effect of dispelling cold, dryness and dampness, insecticidal effect; seed can extract oil; leaf pesticide.

1. Selection of afforestation sites and afforestation forms

Afforestation site selection: according to the biological characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, it can be planted in flat land, barren slope, field edge, ridge and four sides. Barren slopes should avoid hilltops, tuyere, cold and dry slopes and high mountains, and the soil is mainly sandy loam and calcareous soil.

Afforestation forms: there are five forms of pure pepper garden, pepper grain intercropping, pepper forest intercropping, pepper fence and four-side planting. Pepper grain (forest) intercropping is mainly suitable for the construction of whole pepper orchards in flat land, barren slopes and terraces. Pepper fence is suitable for the unit. Families build walls.

two。 Time and method of soil preparation

Soil preparation time: six months or one year before planting Chinese pepper, it can also be planted with the whole plant.

The method of land preparation is to build a garden on flat land and apply 6075 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare. The depth of the whole garden is 30cm to 50cm. Can also be ribbon soil preparation, ditch width 1 m, deep turn 60-80 cm, mature soil and organic fertilizer at the bottom, core soil, belt spacing with planting row spacing. The planting site is dug into an one-meter square pit for planting. The garden on the barren slope can be integrated into an anti-slope terrace with a width of 1.5 to 2.5 meters and a distance of 2 to 3 meters along the contour line. The planting site is dug into a 60-centimeter-long square pit, and appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is applied when backfilling. Pepper grain (forest) intercropping, pepper fence, planting on four sides, the planting point can be dug into a 60 cm square pit.

Site preparation density: the density of the garden is 2 × 3 m, 2 × 4 m and 4 × 5 m, and the distance between plants on the edge of the field and on the ridge is 2 × 3 m. The row spacing of the plants planted on the four sides is 2x 4 meters. The distance between the plants planted in the fence is 2 meters.

3. Afforestation

It can be planted in spring and autumn, and it is most suitable to plant prickly ash seedlings in spring, cut off the pole before the soil is frozen in autumn, and cultivate the soil 30 to 40 centimeters high after planting. The planting method is the method of "three burying, two steps and one lifting seedling", which is slightly deeper than the original seedling soil print 2 centimeters.

4. Soil management

Loosening the soil and weeding: the depth is 20cm to 30cm, the three times are respectively, the first time in the weeds just sprouting (spring), the second time in the flourishing period of grass and pepper (before wheat harvest), and the third time after picking pepper.

Fertilization and irrigation: the main fertilization methods are hole application, ring ditch application, short furrow application and so on, applying base fertilizer once and topdressing twice. After picking peppers and before germination in spring, the first base fertilizer was applied with circle fertilizer of 5kg / plant, mixed application of 150kg / 250g superphosphate and ring application with a depth of 15cm / 20cm. The second time from late April to early May, topdressing human and livestock, 5-25 kg per plant (can also apply 50 grams of urea 150 grams), and the third time from late June to early July, applying 50 grams of urea per plant. Pepper can be sprayed with 5-spaced potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer after flowering. Irrigation is carried out in combination with fertilization.

Enlarge the tree plate, cultivate the soil and maintain: expand the tree plate combined with the application of base fertilizer at the end of autumn or in the beginning of spring. A circular trench is opened outside the root system of the tree every year, and it expands outward year by year. It can also be slotted. From north to south this year and from east to west next year, the trough will be 30cm deep and 50cm wide. The length of the trough depends on the crown. Trees planted on barren slopes or hills should be trimmed, high on the outside and low on the inside. Soil cultivation and conservation is to cultivate soil 30 cm high at the base of the tree stem in the rainy season and overwintering season, so as to prevent waterlogging, moisture conservation and freezing damage.

Tree rest management (plastic pruning)

Pruning time and method: winter pruning, summer pruning and summer pruning are carried out in the tree growing season. Remove dense branches, overlapping branches, competitive branches and inhibit new shoot growth. Winter shearing is carried out before the bud after the fallen leaves. Summer shearing promotes pepper setting and winter shearing promotes branch growth. The pruning methods include cutting, swinging and thinning. Shrink, support, pull, don't, press, fall, etc.

Young tree shape selection: natural happy shape, dry at 50 cm from the ground in the first year. The plastic band is 10-15 cm, which has 3-5 full buds, the dry height is 35-40 cm, and the buds below the plastic belt are erased. In the second year, 3-5 main branches were left in the plastic belt, each of which grew evenly and balanced, with a base angle of 45-60 °, scattered up and down, 3-5 cm apart, and the others were cut off. The third year selects the side branch, each main skill grows to about 40% long can pick the heart, promotes the new side branch. 3-5 lateral branches were selected for each main branch, and more branchlets were cultured for each lateral branch.

Multi-main branch cluster shape: unlike the natural happy shape, there is no trunk. The main branches with 3-5 base angles of 45-60 °were directly selected as the trunk, which grew to 1 meter to remove the heart and promote lateral branches. It is not selected as the main branch (trunk) to be re-cut at 30cm to 40cm to promote a large number of branches and bear fruit earlier. The pruning method of the main branch and the side branches on the main branch is the same as the natural happy shape.

Fruit tree, senescent tree pruning

Short branches for fruiting trees and vigorous growth. In the culture branch group, the mediocre skills in the growth were released slowly at first, and then the results were retracted into the branch group, and the fruit branches were strong and weak. Staggered space. The principle of attaching equal importance to the integral type and result should be followed for the diseases and insects, crossing, overgrowing branches and sparse branches in the crown.

Thinning and pruning is the main method for aging trees. Gradually remove the weak branches and cultivate the growing branches into fruiting branches.