Cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum rootstock seedlings and management before and after grafting

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Alias: pepper, Sichuan pepper or pepper. For rutaceae, prickly ash belongs to deciduous shrubs or small trees, can be planted alone can also be used as a protective thorn hedge. Its pericarp can be used as seasoning, and can extract aromatic oil, but also medicine, seeds can be eaten, but also can be processed to make soap. Pepper can remove all kinds of meat smell; promote saliva secretion, increase appetite; make blood vessels dilate, thus playing a role in lowering blood pressure. The general population can eat, pregnant women, yin deficiency fire excess who eat. The fruit is round, the size of a mung bean, and its outer skin is a commonly used spice. When the fruit matures, the red or purple-red peel is called pepper red, and the seeds are called pepper eyes. They are all traditional Chinese medicinal materials. They are commonly used as spices in families. They are mostly found on slopes with an altitude of 2500 meters. They are also planted. Drought-tolerant, sunny, planted everywhere.

Cultivation of Rootstock Seedlings

The method comprises the following steps of: collecting fully mature wild prickly ash seeds from the middle and late August to the end of September, collecting the seeds, spreading the seeds in a ventilated and dry room, naturally drying the seeds in the shade, soaking the seeds in 30% alkaline water for 24 hours after seeds fall out of peel cracks, repeatedly washing the seeds by hands, removing grease, washing the seeds with clean water, and dressing and disinfecting the seeds with 2% potassium permanganate. In the first and middle of November, the plots with loose, fertile and moist soil are selected as seedbeds for sowing. Before sowing, sufficient soil and miscellaneous fertilizer are applied to make beds with a width of 1 meter and a height of 30 cm. Furrowing and drilling are carried out, with 4 rows per bed. After sowing, use a fine sieve to screen a layer of 2 cm thick soil fertilizer to cover the seeds, and cover the grass to keep moisture. When emergence in spring, remove the mulch in time. When the seedling is as high as 10 cm, determine the seedling according to the plant spacing of 10 cm, about 20,000 plants per mu, and then combine weeding, fertilization and bud wiping to promote the growth and health of the sprout.

Preparation before grafting

1. Rootstock selection. The seedlings with healthy growth, no disease and base diameter above 0.5 cm are selected as rootstocks. Practice has proved that the thicker the rootstock, the higher the survival rate of grafting. In addition, it is necessary to remove the leaf thorns within 10 cm from the ground for easy operation.

2. Collection of scions. To cut varieties of fine, no diseases and insect pests, bud enrichment, thickness in 0.4-0.6 cm of annual branches as scion. After picking and removing the leaf thorns, wrap them in wet sacks and sprinkle them in time to keep them moist for later use. It can also be picked up at any time.

grafting

1. Grafting time. The best grafting period was when the buds of some rootstocks sprouted before and after the emergence of insects.

2. Grafting methods. Single bud ventral grafting is mainly adopted.

Specific operation steps: select rootstock 5-6 cm away from the ground smooth part of a knife down, slightly with xylem, about 2 cm long, leaving 0.5 cm of cortex will be cut off the upper half of the cortex. Cut the scion at the side of the scion bud at an angle of 45 degrees, cut a long surface of 2 cm long at the back, cut the scion at 0.5 cm above the bud body with branch scissors, take off the scion bud, quickly insert the scion bud into the rootstock incision, align the cambium layer, and tie it tightly with thin film.

subsequent management

25-30 days after grafting, the grafted bud can germinate, at this time, the grafted peach film is broken to expose the grafted bud, and the grafted bud is allowed to grow naturally, and then 1 cm above the grafted bud is cut for 2-3 times. Other management also includes sprout removal, weeding, fertilization, pest control and other work. In the autumn of that year, the nursery can be planted.

Seedling management is the key to planting, planting survival rate is the highest at the beginning of bud germination, after planting should be irrigated thoroughly, topdressing 2-3 times in the growing season, combined with watering in drought.