Scientific Control of Sesame Fusarium Wilt and Stem Point Blight

Sesame I think many people are very familiar with, sesame has many functions, it can be made into a variety of snacks, but also can be fried into sesame oil, so the use and efficacy of sesame are very many, so now the cultivation of sesame is becoming more and more common.

What is sesame?

Sesame, also known as fat sesame, flax (scientific name: Sesamum indicum), is the seed of flax, annual erect herb, 60-150cm high. It is found in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Sesame is one of the main oil crops in China, which has high application value. Its seeds contain up to 55% oil. Since ancient times, China has been famous for many kinds of food and delicacies made from sesame and sesame oil. Sesame is called the crown of stereotyped writing. Sesame is a kind of oil crop, the extracted oil is called sesame oil, flax oil, sesame oil, characterized by mellow smell, raw and hot use.

Sesame Fusarium wilt, also known as half-yellowing or yellowing, is a typical vascular bundle disease. Most of the germs invaded from the root tip and wound of the plant. after invading from the root, the bacteria entered the vessel and spread along the vessel to the stem, leaf, capsule and seed, resulting in the disease and death of the whole plant. The base of the stem of the diseased plant was reddish brown, the vascular bundle of the stem was brown, and the leaves turned yellow and wilted and withered. Sometimes limited to half of the infection, the performance of half of the disease withered and died. When it is wet, there is pink mildew in the affected area. The pathogen overwinters in the soil, in the residue of the diseased plant or inside and outside the seed. The disease began in June and reached its peak in August. Continuous cropping of sesame land, poor soil fertility and high field humidity are conducive to the epidemic of the disease.

Control techniques of Sesame

1. Disease-resistant varieties and seed treatment were selected. Varieties with good quality, high yield, waterlogging tolerance and strong disease resistance were selected, such as Yuzhi 8, Yizhi 1 and so on. Soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes or 60 ℃ warm water for 5 minutes before sowing, then sow the seeds after drying. Or seed dressing with pentachloronitrobenzene plus thiram (1:1), which accounts for 0.5-1% of the seed weight, or soaking the seed with 0.5% copper sulfate solution for half an hour has a better control effect.

2. Agricultural prevention and control. Sesame soil-borne diseases and insect pests are serious, and continuous cropping is most avoided. the rotation of sesame with cotton, sweet potato and gramineous crops for 3-5 years can better control the epidemic of the disease. After the sesame is harvested, the diseased remains in the field should be removed in time and burned or buried deeply in order to reduce the source of overwintering bacteria. Remove the diseased plants in time and take them out of the field for destruction to prevent the spread of germs. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, increase the application of base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mainly medium and late-acting organic fertilizer, and mixed application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, no or less nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage to cultivate healthy seedlings and make it difficult for bacteria to invade. High border cultivation is adopted to clear ditches and drain in time to prevent stagnant water in the field and reduce the humidity in the field.

3. Chemical control. The prevention and control of sesame diseases should be based on agricultural control, and chemical control should be controlled by spraying protection before the occurrence of the disease or the use of drugs at the initial stage of the disease. The control agents include 37% chlorhexidine wettable powder 800x solution, 40% carbendazim suspension 700x liquid, 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800x 1000 fold solution, 80% copper sulfate wettable powder 800x liquid, and so on.

What is sesame stem blight

Sesame stem blight is also known as sesame stem blight, sesame black root madness and so on. It mainly harms the stems, roots and seedlings of sesame. The disease occurred at the seedling stage, the shoot of the diseased seedling wilted and died, and the root turned brown and died. After the damage to the stem, the diseased stem showed yellowish-brown water-stained spots at the beginning, and developed rapidly, turned into circumferential spots, and was dark brown in the late stage, and then the stem was hollow and easy to break. After the root was damaged, the main root and branch root gradually turned brown, and a large number of black sclerotia were formed in the root cortex, resulting in root death. The pathogen overwintered on seeds, soil and remnants of diseased plants with sclerotia. In the following year, the conidia spread in the field by wind, rain and steam, mainly from the base of the stem, root and petiole. Sesame is the most susceptible to disease at seedling stage and full flowering stage. Diseased plants can produce conidia and then spread and infect. High temperature, high humidity and heavy rain are beneficial to the epidemic of the disease, and the damage is aggravated by partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, over-dense planting and continuous cropping land.

Sesame sowing mode

There are three kinds of sesame seeds: on-demand sowing, sowing and strip sowing. The seed amount per mu is 400 grams, 350 grams and 250 grams per mu. It can be sown less in fields with high soil fertility, less diseases and insect pests and high water content.

1. Sowing: sowing is a traditional sowing method in Jianghuai region, which is suitable for sowing with soil moisture. When sowing, the seeds are uniformly dispersed, the soil cover is shallow, and the seedlings emerge quickly, but it is not conducive to field management.

2. Strip sowing: strip sowing can control the distance between rows and plants, implement reasonable close planting to facilitate field management such as inter-seedling ploughing, and is suitable for mechanized operation.

3. On demand: 5-7 seeds per hole. No matter what kind of sowing method, shallow sowing, uniform sowing, depth 2-3 cm is appropriate.

In the process of planting sesame seeds, it is very important for disease prevention. If the disease is well controlled, it can increase its output very well, so it is very important to master the planting technology of sesame seeds and some methods to prevent diseases.