Cultivation and management techniques of edamame bean in greenhouse

Introduction of edamame:

The scientific name is soybean, commonly known as edamame. In ancient times, soybeans were called soybeans. Soybean is the general name of yellow, green, black, brown, bicolor and other kinds of soybeans. It has been cultivated for more than 5000 years and originated in China. About 90% of the crops in China are yellow soybeans. Edamame beans, fresh soybeans with pods, are also called soybeans after drying. There are six kinds of grains: very large: 100-grain weight more than 30g; extra-large: 100-grain weight 24.1-30g; large: 100-grain weight 18.1-24g; medium: 100-grain weight 12.1-18g; small: 100-grain weight 6.1-12g; very small: 100-grain weight less than 6g.

1. Variety selection. Zaosheng White Bird, Liao Xian 1, Tezao 4, Ningshu 60 and other varieties were selected.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings. Before sowing, 1000 kilograms of rotten chicken manure and 45 percent of ternary compound fertilizer were applied per mu. Make a border 1.2 meters wide, 0.2 meters high and 0.2 meters wide. In late February, "cold tail and warm head" was selected for sunny sowing, with a seed consumption of 5-6 kg per mu. Direct seeding with hole sowing is better, hole spacing is 15-20 cm, row spacing is 30-35 cm, 8000-9000 holes per mu, 2-3 grains per hole, 18-20 000 seedlings per mu. After sowing, cover 2-3 cm thick fine soil, immediately after sowing, cover the whole border with a layer of plastic film, and buckle around the greenhouse to increase temperature and moisturize and promote seedling emergence. After the seedling cotyledon top soil, cut the plastic film in time on a sunny day, and release the seedlings to grow.

3. Temperature control. The suitable temperature in the greenhouse before emergence is 15-25 ℃; ventilation is timely after finishing the seedlings, and 20-25 ℃ during the day to prevent excessive growth of high temperature; after the middle of March, the temperature is getting higher and higher, ventilation should be strengthened, and the greenhouse film should be removed in the middle of April.

4. Fertilizer and water management. Generally, it is not suitable to apply fertilizer at seedling stage. if the leaves are wrinkled under the influence of low temperature, you can use 50 grams of yellow leaf enemy micro-fertilizer per mu plus 30-45 kilograms of water, and spray it at noon on a sunny day. At the early stage of flowering, boron fertilizer plus paclobutrazol was sprayed, and 45% ternary compound fertilizer 20 kg per mu was applied. Fertilization can be combined with intertillage to promote root growth. It is not suitable to water before seedling after sowing; excessive drought at seedling stage can properly water to promote root formation; water management at flowering and fruiting stage should grasp the principle of "dry flower and wet pod", with less water at the initial stage of flowering, humidity will drop flowers and pods, and pods should be watered after poding. to promote pod growth, but to prevent stagnant water in the field.

5. Pest control. The seedling stage of edamame bean in the greenhouse is low temperature and wet, which is easy to cause withered seedlings, which can be controlled with 200 grams of chlorothalonil smoke scavenging agent per mu. In the 4-leaf stage of edamame, spray with chlorothalonil, carbendazim and other agents, and spray again every other week. The occurrence of edamame bean pests in early spring is relatively mild and occasional. the main pests are bean pod borer, bean stalk black miner and so on. Low-toxic and low-residue pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and fluazuron can be used to control them. Methamidophos and other highly toxic pesticides are strictly forbidden to be controlled once every 7 days. 2-3 times.