How to grow agaric vegetables

Auricularia auricula (scientific name: Gynura cusimbua), also known as babbling, sunflower, tofu, purple horn leaves, chrysanthemum Panax notoginseng, perennial tall herbs, 1.5-2 meters high. Flowering and fruiting period is from September to October. Auricularia auricula vegetables are fed by seedlings, tender shoots or tender leaves, with tender and smooth texture and high nutritional value. Can be used for soup, stir-fry, hot food, cold, etc., its taste is fragrant, chewing like eating fungus generally crisp and refreshing, hence the name agaric dish. It is widely cultivated in the south and north, perennial cultivation in the tropical areas of the south, and annual cultivation in the north.

I. cultivation methods

1. Direct seeding cultivation. The seeds used for direct seeding feeding seedlings were 6kg / mu and sowed. In order to facilitate seedling emergence, the seeds can be soaked for 1-2 days before sowing and germinated at a temperature of about 30 ℃. About 40 days after sowing, the seedling height is 10-15 cm and can be harvested.

two。 Raise seedlings and transplant. Make a good seedbed, sow dry seeds, and emerge in 3-5 days at an appropriate temperature of about 28 ℃. If the ground temperature is too low, you should speed up germination and sow seeds. Proper low temperature was controlled at seedling stage, and 4-5 true leaves were planted. The row spacing of tender shoots is 20 cm 25 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm 20 cm, the row spacing of tender leaves is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm 35 cm, and the seedling protection is 3000 cm / mu.

2. Selection of varieties

It is appropriate to choose good varieties of Auricularia auricula with high quality, high yield and disease resistance, such as Auricularia auricula and Auricularia auricula.

III. Field management and protection

1. On-demand management. ① mainly feeds on tender shoots, leaving 3 or 4 basal leaves when the seedling height is 30cm and 35cm, harvesting tender shoots and leaving two robust lateral buds to form shoots. When the second shoot was harvested, 2-4 lateral buds were left to form shoots, and in the vigorous growth period, each plant had 5-8 strong lateral buds. In the middle and later stage, the young buds of flower stems should be erased in time, and the growth was weak in the later stage, leaving 1-2 strong lateral shoots to facilitate leaf hypertrophy. ② should set up a frame for cultivation in order to feed on the leaves. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, build a herringbone frame to introduce the vine on the shelf. In addition to leaving the main vine, two strong lateral vines are left at the base to form a backbone vine. When the backbone vine grows to the top of the frame, a strong lateral bud is left from each backbone after coring. The backbone vine is cut off the shelf after the leaves are picked. It is necessary to cultivate soil when it is on the shelf and after each harvest, or it is not necessary to set up a frame to harvest tender shoots.

two。 Ploughing and weeding. After direct seeding or after transplanting and planting slow seedlings and during the growth period, ploughing and weeding should be done in time to prevent weeds from competing for nutrients.

3. Fertilize and water. It is better to use farm manure, livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer. Topdressing is applied with mature human and animal manure or urea dissolved water. After emergence, the soil should be kept moist and watered at the right time. After each harvest, 300 kg of human feces and urine per mu or 10 kg of urea should be applied in time, and drainage and waterlogging prevention should be carried out in time in the rainy season.

4. Control diseases and insect pests. The common disease of ① Auricularia auricula is brown spot, which can be sprayed with 72% Kelou wettable powder 500 × 600 times, or 68.75% easy dispersible granules 800 × 1000 times. If Spodoptera litura damage occurs in ②, it is found that more tender leaf tips have small eyes, so pyrethroid insecticides can be sprayed once at the 1st and 2nd instar. Root-knot nematode disease may also occur in ③ continuous cropping of Auricularia auricula, and rotation can reduce or avoid the occurrence of the disease.

IV. Scientific harvesting

When there are 4 or 5 real leaves in direct seeding, the seedlings can be pulled out and eaten one after another. For those who mainly collect tender shoots, 2 true leaves are left at the base when the seedling height is 30cm and 35cm, and when the germinating lateral branches have 5 or 6 true leaves, they are harvested according to the above method. The young leaves were harvested once in 15-20 days in the early stage, 10-15 days in the middle growth stage, and once in the later 7-10 days. The harvested leaves should be fully expanded but not yet old, and the leaves should be thickened. Generally, it produces 2000-4000 kg of tender shoots (leaves) per mu.