Field planting method of radix op

Ophiopogon, the root of Liliaceae along the steps, is slightly sweet, bitter and cold. Sweet and bitter, cold. Enter the lung, stomach and heart meridian. The field planting methods of Ophiopogon japonicus are introduced below.

Land selection and preparation: Ophiopogon japonicus has well-developed beard roots, and the land should be deeply ploughed and raked to loosen the soil and facilitate root system expansion. It is appropriate to choose loose, fertile, moist and well-drained sandy loam, or sloping land for cultivation. Maidong bogey continuous cropping. Soil preparation should be carried out in time after the current crop harvest. Places with lime-cement construction waste do not grow well and even die. Generally deep ploughing 23-26 cm, high border, border width 132-165 cm, border ditch width 33-39 cm, to facilitate drainage and irrigation. Apply sufficient base fertilizer when preparing the soil, generally use compost 1500-2000 kg per mu, can also use 50-70 kg calcium superphosphate or 1000-1500 kg barnyard manure, sprinkle it into the ditch when planting, or sprinkle it into the soil when preparing the soil.

Propagation method: from Qingming Festival to the first ten days of May, the plants of Ophiopogon japonicus which are robust, disease-free and without tender leaves are selected as seedlings.

The specific operation is to dig out Ophiopogon japonicus, remove the soil, cut off the root and fibrous root, and cut off part of the rhizome, leaving a length of 2 cm to 3 cm. The cross section is white and the leaves are not scattered. At the same time, the leaves are cut off about 1 beat 3, and then divided into individual plants. Soak the seedlings in clean water for 10-15 minutes before planting to make them absorb enough water to facilitate rooting. Soak the root while planting, if you can not transplant in time, you can choose shady place to plant.

The cultivation period is different in different places, choose sunny or cloudy days to plant in Sichuan and Hubei between the Spring Equinox and Qingming, and take trenching strips with a row spacing of 15 × 9 (cm), with a depth of about 5 centimeters, and first apply thin pig manure water in the ditch, 3 plants per clump; along the step grass, press 13.2 × 13.2 (cm) to open holes, 4 plants per hole, with a depth of about 3.3cm, pressing the soil to make the seedlings straight and stable. Water after planting. Interplanting corn, peanuts or soybeans immediately after planting Ophiopogon is one of the measures to increase the yield of Ophiopogon japonicus. Because legume crops grow fast, they can meet the shading conditions required by Ophiopogon japonicus at seedling stage. at the same time, it can increase soil nitrogen and promote good growth. When Ophiopogon requires sufficient sunshine during the root expansion period after October, the crops have been harvested and do not affect each other, killing two birds with one stone. No interplanting in the third year, so as not to affect the yield and quality of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Field management

Watering and weeding: within half a month after planting, water regularly to keep the soil moist and ensure the whole seedling. In May and July, Ophiopogon japonicus seedlings grow slowly and weeds breed, so we should loosen the topsoil frequently and remove weeds.

Topdressing: when Ophiopogon japonicus was planted for half a month and turned green, combined with drought resistance, 700 kg of light human and animal fertilizer and 10 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu to promote early roots, multiple roots and early tillering. (spring and autumn are the periods of root expansion and a large number of tillers, so phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied again. During the tillering and flowering period of Ophiopogon japonicus in June and August, 1200 kg of human and animal feces and urine and 15 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu. It was applied once in March and September, 50kg of superphosphate or 100kg of cake fertilizer per mu, 1200 kg of human feces and urine, and 150,200kg of plant ash. From then on, fertilize 2-3 times a year. For those who interplant peanuts, the stems and leaves of peanuts are spread among the rows after harvest in August, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also be used as fertilizer. During the root expansion from October to November, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was mainly applied in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, and plant ash or turf mud was applied only before the Beginning of Spring in the second year to promote root growth and increase yield.

A method for increasing yield is provided: cut fibrous roots, exposure to sun and observation of production practice show that the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus cultivated in Guangxi in the early stage of growth expand to form a small number of tuberous roots, generally 5-10 per tree. In some producing areas, the old whisker root is removed in autumn to grow new roots, which can be expanded to form tuber roots. One side of the fibrous root was excised, there were 60-80 caked roots per head, and 100-120 fibrous roots were cut on both sides, which were about twice the size of the uncut ones.

Specific practice: in early September, dig up the soil on both sides of Ophiopogon japonicus to expose the fibrous root, then cut off the fibrous root with a shovel or knife about 3.3 cm away from the root and expose it to the sun for 1-2 days (half a day in the hot sun). In order to increase the yield of Ophiopogon japonicus, we should not only take root-cutting measures, but also cooperate with the application of salt fertilizer, turf mud and lime to promote root formation and growth. That is, when cutting the fibrous root, mix salt and turf mud (0.75 kg of salt in every 50 kg of mixed fertilizer) and apply it in the ditch, covering about 5 cm of soil. In late September, irrigate 3% salt water once, apply 50 kg of lime per mu after 10-15 days, and pour water on the roots.

Pest control:

Black spot disease: the pathogen is a half-known fungus in fungi, which harms leaves. The pathogen overwintered on the seedlings and began to get sick in the middle of April of this year. Under the appropriate temperature and humidity, the disease occurred quickly and withered and died. Control methods: select green leaves, strong and disease-free seedlings; at the initial stage of the disease, scatter 100kg of plant ash per mu when the dew is not dry in the morning; remove stagnant water in time in the rainy season to reduce field humidity; soak the seedlings with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ solution or 65% demori ammonium wettable powder for 5 minutes or spray in a large area. When the disease is serious in Zhejiang province, the aboveground part of the diseased plant is cut off and the seedlings are replanted.

Root-knot nematode: root-knot nematode, which can occur all year round in Guangxi. It mainly harms the roots. Prevention and control methods: implement crop rotation, flood and drought rotation in areas with conditions, avoid rotation with flue-cured tobacco, purple yunying, beans, taro, sweet potato, Trichosanthes, Siraitia grosvenorii, Atractylodes macrocephala, Salvia miltiorrhiza, belladonna and other crops; select disease-free seedlings and clean old roots; select disease-resistant varieties; carry out soil disinfection.

Insect pests: grubs, mole crickets, ground tigers, golden needle insects and other harm to the rhizome. Control methods: rotation with rice, flooded paddy fields, can be completely eliminated in one season, or poisoned with pesticides by conventional methods.