How to grow snow vegetables with high yield

Shelley, perhaps many people are not very clear what it is, it is a kind of vegetable, whether fried, steamed, cooked in life is very delicious, and its nutrition is also very rich, deeply loved by urban and rural residents, so with the increasing demand for it, so its planting area is also growing.

What is Shelley?

Snow vegetable, scientific name: Brassica juncea var. Crispifolia, alias: Shiraki, Jiutou, cooking, vegetables, etc., Brassica, angiosperm phylum, is a kind of mustard. Brassica campestris is a mustard species of Brassica and is a variety of tillering mustard. There are many nicknames for snow vegetables, which are called "snow mustard", "Jiutou" and "cooking" in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and "vegetables" in Hunan and Hubei. They are important vegetables widely cultivated in winter and spring in the Yangtze River valley in China. They are eaten with petioles and leaves and have high nutritional value. According to analysis, water accounts for 91% per 100 grams of snow vegetables, 1.9 grams of protein, 0.4 grams of fat, 2.9 grams of carbohydrates and 3.9 grams of ash. Calcium 73-235 mg, phosphorus 43-64 mg, iron 1.1-3.4 mg.

Human body is rich in vitamins necessary for normal life activities. There are 1.46-2.69 mg of carotene, 0.07 mg of thiamine (vitamin B1), 0.14 mg of riboflavin (vitamin B2), 8 mg of nicotinic acid and 83 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in 100 grams of fresh vegetables. And because it is rich in mustard oil and has a special spicy flavor, its protein can produce a large number of amino acids after hydrolysis. Pickled and processed snow vegetables have bright yellow color, rich aroma, crisp and delicious taste, whether fried, steamed, boiled, soup as seasoning, or served on the table alone, are deeply loved by urban and rural residents.

How to grow snow vegetables for high yield

First, variety selection: Jiaxing chicken crown dish.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

1, soaking seeds to accelerate germination: generally, the time of soaking seeds should not exceed half an hour; the temperature for accelerating germination should be about 20 ℃. During the period of accelerating germination, the seeds should be often turned over and washed with clean water. The seeds of snow vegetables are small, and they usually begin to show white (that is, broken skin and germinate) in one day or two nights, and can be sown when 20% of the seeds are germinated.

2. Seedbed selection: the seedbed should be close to the field, the soil is fertile, the drainage is good, and the cruciferous crops have not been planted for many years, and it should be used as the clayey loam in the paddy field. If you choose dry land as a seedbed, it should be irrigated in deep water for 3-5 days before sowing, and then put water into dry ploughing, or film mulching and high temperature sterilization of topsoil after deep water flooding irrigation, so as to reduce bacterial infection.

3. Finishing nursery bed: the seedbed should be of high standard and flat. After ploughing, ditching and fine hoeing should be done so that the deep ditches are high, the soil on the border surface is fine, and the broken mud in the ditches should be cleaned up.

4. Apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 30 kg of superphosphate per mu of seedling bed is applied before soil preparation. After the completion of soil preparation, 1000 kg of rotten human faeces were used to irrigate the border surface, and 1000 times of Nongdile solution was used for soil treatment, in order to prevent underground pests from harming vegetable seedlings.

Suitable sowing time of snow vegetable

Spring vegetables are mostly sown from the end of September to the beginning of October.

Take "sparse sowing" as the principle, sowing 500g per mu of seedling bed, the seedling bed should be irrigated with enough bottom water, and sowing should strive to be uniform. After sowing, sunshade nets or straw should be covered to reduce water evaporation and promote seed germination and emergence. When 80% of the seeds germinate, the straw should be removed in time in the evening to avoid causing "tall seedlings".

Seedling Management of Saussurea involucrata

Interspersed seedlings, fixed seedlings. To achieve early, master: "one true leaf does not set up the seedling, two true leaves do not squeeze the seedling, and three true leaves fix the seedling." That is, when there is a true leaf, the seedlings should be started, and the dense seedlings and rolled seedlings should be deleted. Delete seedlings for the second time when 2-3 true leaves, delete long seedlings, thin and weak seedlings, heartless seedlings, diseased seedlings and other inferior seedlings, the seedling distance is 3mur5cm, when the seedling length is 3murmur4 true leaves and the seedling height is 10Muth13cm, the seedling spacing is 6-7cm, that is, 135seedlings per square meter, the seedling height is 13-16cm, and transplant when it has 5-6 true leaves. The Honda ratio of seedlings reached 1:15-20 when transplanting. Weeds should also be pulled out easily when deleting seedlings and even seedlings.

If the seedling stage is dry, it should be watered sooner or later, often keep the soil moist, but not too much watering, otherwise it is easy to cause mildew root. Topdressing at seedling stage can be combined with watering, deleting and leveling seedlings. Generally, 2.5 kg urea per mu is applied after 4-leaf stage, or mature human feces with 8-10 Bomei degrees are irrigated or irrigated with 8-10 Bomei degrees. Body fertilizer should be applied 6 days before transplanting, and urea 4 kg per mu is about 5 kg.

The main pests in the seedling stage of snow vegetables are aphids, cabbage insects, yellow striped beetles and so on. The yellow striped beetle can be sprayed with 1500 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsion or crystal trichlorfon, aphids can be sprayed with 10-20 grams of water and 50kg of water, and cabbage insects can be sprayed with Bt or Sutrin. Generally spray once a week, the whole seedling stage to spray 3 times 4 times, in order to kill aphids to achieve the purpose of preventing virus disease. In case of rainy weather, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times should be sprayed in time to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Soil preparation and planting of snow vegetable

1. Fine land preparation

Most of the previous crops of spring snow vegetables were late rice stubble, and most of them were no-tillage cultivation. Effectively achieve "border ditch, waist ditch, outlet ditch three matching, ditch communication, drainage and irrigation freely, to ensure that there is no stagnant water in the ditch after the rain stops." All the soil from the ditch is placed on the border surface, and it can be transplanted after flat and fine hoe. The width of the border is generally set at 1. 2 per cent. 1.4 meters.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Before ditching, the high quality rotten organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg and ternary compound fertilizer 40 kg were applied evenly on the rice field. If the ternary compound fertilizer is not used, calcium superphosphate 30-50 kg+ potash fertilizer 40 kg or calcium superphosphate 30-50 kg+ ammonium bicarbonate 40 kg can be used instead. Then cover the soil and hoe mud and cover the fertilizer under the topsoil.

3. Timely transplanting

Most of the transplanting period of winter vegetables is in late September, and the seedling age is generally no more than 25-30 days, while that of spring vegetables is from the beginning of November to the middle of November, and the seedling age is about 30-40 days.

4. Ensure the quality of transplanting.

It is necessary to achieve "four belts" and "seven essentials" when transplanting. The four belts are: carrying medicine, fertilizer, water, and soil; seven if: first, pull the rope to open holes; second, apply sufficient root fertilizer; third, prevent root injury; fourth, classify large and small seedlings and plant them densely; fifth, seedlings should be strong and straight; sixth, soil should be deeply planted; seventh, seedlings should be raised, transplanting, and pouring "falling root water" at the same time. After planting, in case of drought, the living root water should be irrigated (irrigated) in time to promote survival.

Planting density: 4000Mu / mu for spring vegetables and 5000-6400 plants per mu for winter vegetables. The day before transplanting, the seedbed should be sprayed with enough water to soften the seedbed to facilitate seedling emergence the next day. At the same time, fertilizers should be applied once and pesticides should be sprayed once to make the seedlings get married with fertilizer and medicine. When raising seedlings, we should also bring as much soil as possible to facilitate survival.

The seedlings should be discharged according to the wind direction and covered with retting fire ash or mature organic fertilizer piled with phosphate fertilizer. In case of sunny and dry weather, clear water is also used to light the root to promote survival.

Field management of snow vegetables

1. Timely replenishment of seedlings and drought resistance

About 5-7 days after transplanting, check seedlings to fill the gap, in case of continuous drought, furrow irrigation can be used to improve the survival rate. Furrow irrigation is generally carried out in the evening, and half-ditch water is suitable.

2. Reasonable topdressing

Topdressing should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, and should use more organic nitrogen fertilizer and biological fertilizer such as human and animal manure, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Spring vegetables are generally fertilized 4 times and applied twice this year, the first 10-15 days after planting, and the second before the end of the lunar calendar (the end of January). Each time 1000-1500 kg of human feces or 5-7.5kg of urea + 10Mel 20kg of calcium superphosphate and 1000 kg of water were applied. It was also applied twice outside the year, the first before and after Rain Water (mid-February), and the second between sting and the Spring Equinox (early March), 15 kg of urea + 10-15 kg of potassium chloride per mu. If the weather is cloudy and rainy and the ground is wet, it can be applied in shallow ditches or holes between rows, and then combined with clearing ditch and covering soil to improve fertilizer efficiency. In case of dry weather, it can also be sprinkled with 1200MUR 1500 kg of water. Winter vegetables should be topdressing in time after planting live plants, generally 3-4 times, each 667m2 can be treated with mature manure 750-1000kg or urea 7.5-10kg combined with drought resistance, flushing and pouring. The amount of fertilizer used should be from light to thick, and thick fertilizer should not be applied. When heavy fertilizer is applied 25 days before harvest, urea 15kg or ammonium bicarbonate 30kg and potassium chloride 10kg can be used per 667m2 to increase yield and improve quality.

Scientific prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds

1. Chemical weeding

Before transplanting winter and spring vegetables, 500-600 ml of glyphosate was sprayed in the whole field (including ridges); after transplanting, 20 ml of high-efficiency licorice EC was sprayed with 50 kg of water before the 5-leaf stage of Gramineae weeds. For dicotyledonous weeds, intermediate ploughing was used to control weeds.

2. Pest control

During the growth period of winter vegetables, it is the high temperature season in autumn, which is a period when all kinds of diseases and insect pests are easy to occur. The main pests of winter vegetables are: aphids, cabbage insects, Plutella xylostella, yellow striped beetles, small garden leaf insects, ground tigers and so on. The main diseases are virus disease, root swelling disease and downy mildew. The mixture of "Chuanjing", Lesbon, dichlorvos and phoxim should be sprayed every 7-10 days in the seedling stage and the early growth stage of Honda. It is usually sprayed twice during the whole growth period.

Spring snow vegetables focus on the control of aphids and snow vegetables virus disease, soft rot.

3. Timely harvest.

The growing period of winter vegetables is relatively short, except for about 30 days of seedling age, the growing period in the field is generally only about 60 days, and it is mostly harvested before and after Lesser Snow. The harvest time of spring vegetables is from late March to early April for early-maturing varieties and early April for late-maturing varieties. At this time, it is between Qingming Festival and Grain Rain, there are more rainfall and rainy days, so we should get a clear harvest. The suitable time for harvest is about 8-10 cm long, and the leaves must be harvested at the latest.

In the planting process of Shelley, there are many aspects that should be paid attention to. For example, its field management, pest prevention and treatment and so on, these factors will directly affect its yield, so growers should not plant blindly, it is best to learn more and communicate.