Fertilization and water management of cauliflower

Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower or cauliflower, is a cruciferous vegetable, a variety of cabbage. The head of cauliflower is a white inflorescence, similar to that of broccoli. Cauliflower is more nutritious than ordinary vegetables. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, food fiber, vitamin A, B, C, E, P, U and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Cauliflower has delicate texture, sweet and delicious taste, and is easy to digest and absorb after eating. Its tender stem fiber, tender and delicious after cooking, is suitable for the middle-aged and elderly, children and those with weak spleen and stomach and weak digestive function. Especially at the time of summer heat, when the mouth is thirsty and the urine is golden, when the stool is hard or blocked, use 30 grams of cauliflower fried soup, drink frequently, have the effect of clearing heat and relieving thirst, diuresis and defecation.

Cauliflower experienced the seedling stage all its life, and its nutritional characteristics were similar to those of heading cabbage because of the heading stage and heading stage. During the whole growth period, cauliflower had a large demand for nitrogen and a relatively low demand for phosphorus and potassium. According to the study, for every 1000 kg of cauliflower, about 13.4kg of nitrogen, 3.93kg of P2O5 and 9.59 of K2O were absorbed, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1 ∶ 0.3 ∶ 0.7.

The nutrient demand of cauliflower is different in different growth stages. before the emergence of flower buds, the nutrient absorption is less, and with the appearance and expansion of flower buds, the nutrient absorption increases rapidly. The peak period of head expansion is the period of cauliflower absorbing the most nutrients and the fastest. Cauliflower has different nutrient requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at different growth stages. The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer absorbed in the whole growth period is high, and they like nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. On the other hand, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed only in the period of flower head formation.

Cauliflower is sensitive to boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer, boron deficiency is easy to cause bulb browning or cracking, molybdenum deficiency is easy to get "whiplash tail disease", that is, leaves are incomplete, only by petiole, affecting the commercial value.

Fertilization of cauliflower:

According to the fertilizer demand characteristics of cauliflower, base fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer. among the main fertilizers, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can be divided into base fertilizer and three times of topdressing, and all phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer.

1. Application of sufficient base fertilizer: in order to meet the early and rapid growth of cauliflower and the demand for fertilizer and water in the subsequent growth period, in addition to selecting fertile, loose, water-and fertilizer-preserving loam, it is also necessary to use fully mature high-quality farm soil miscellaneous fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. During soil preparation, the base fertilizer is turned into the middle layer of the soil, generally applying high-quality ring fertilizer 2500000 kg per 667 square meters (1 mu). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 15-20 kg (urea 6 kg, calcium superphosphate 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 6-8 kg), borax 0.5 kg.

two。 Reasonable topdressing: cauliflower generally needs topdressing 3 times from cauliflower planting to flower bulb maturation, the first time is rosette stage, 10 kg urea and 5 kg potassium sulfate are applied per 667 square meters to promote flower bud, bud differentiation and flower ball formation. The second time is in the early stage of flower head formation, urea 1315kg and potassium sulfate 68kg are applied every 667 square meters to promote the rapid expansion of the flower bulb and prevent the flower stem from being hollow. The third time is the middle stage of flower head formation, applying 8kg urea and 5kg potassium sulfate per 667 square meters. Combined with topdressing, we should pay attention to ensure water supply and maintain a certain amount of soil moisture, especially during the heading period, do not drought, otherwise, it will inhibit the formation of the flower ball, resulting in a decline in yield.

3. Extra-root topdressing: extra-root topdressing is an effective auxiliary measure in cauliflower cultivation, focusing on replenishing the deficiency of related nutrients or trace elements in the middle and later stage. If the soil is boron deficient, borax solution with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.2% can be sprayed on the leaves in the early and middle stages of corm formation. Magnesium deficiency in soil can be foliar sprayed with magnesium sulfate solution with a concentration of 0.2% to 0.4% for 1 or 2 times. Cauliflower needs little molybdenum, but it is very sensitive, and ammonium molybdate solution with a concentration of 0.01% can be sprayed on the leaves during flower ball formation. In short, according to the growth needs of cauliflower, timely topdressing outside the root can effectively prevent premature senescence, increase the yield and improve the quality of the flower head.

Fertilizer and water management of cauliflower:

Cauliflower needs a lot of fertilizer, its growing period fertilizer can not be interrupted, it is appropriate to use more organic fertilizer, each mu of land should use 5000 million kilograms of garbage, or 1500 million kilograms of sheep and cattle fertilizer. It can be laid on the border after the growth of the planted seedlings is restored. The amount of fertilizer absorbed is the largest during the period of flower head formation, so topdressing should be applied in time. In addition, it is very sensitive to the lack of trace elements boron and magnesium. When lack of boron, the stem is empty, the petiole is cracked, the bouquet is not tight, with rust color and bitter taste. The old leaves at the base turn yellow when magnesium is deficient. The requirement of three elements of fertilizer is similar to that of cabbage, and the demand of nitrogen and potassium is more than that of cabbage.